Date: Tue, 1 Dec 1992 00:05:00 CST From: BLARSWWY%UIAMVS.BITNET[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]uga.cc.uga.edu Subject: Royalties TO: Authors of linguistics course texts and other knowledgeable parties: What is the going rate for author's royalties and advances from major commercial publishers for course texts in linguistics? Please send me any information you have, anonymously if you like, and I will summarize for the list if there is sufficient interest (but will treat individual figures and their sources confidentially). Please respond to one of the following: Bitnet: BLARSWWY at UIAMVS.BITNET Internet: robert-wachal AT uiowa.edu Phone: 319-335-0208 S/mail: R. S. Wachal, Dept. of Linguistics, Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240-1408 Thanks, Bob. Date: Tue, 1 Dec 1992 08:39:23 EST From: Bill Kretzschmar Subject: Re: Edgar's Address The problem with Edgar Schneider's address is that the From: line on his mail has got a bunch of front slashes and equal signs (also published that way in NADS), which is probably a consequence of the way his mailer daemon in Berlin works. Just dump all of that junk and write to the address that John Kirk and Natalie have specified: schneider[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]philologie.fu-berlin.dbp.de. Bill Kretzschmar, UGA Date: Wed, 2 Dec 1992 06:44:36 -0500 From: /S=SCHNEIDER/G=EDGAR/I=EWS./[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]PHILOLOGIE.FU-BERLIN.DBP.DE Subject: Reactions to biblio offer Sorry about the confusion that I, or my electronic address, seem to have caused. My own message came back in quite a distorted fashion - if that`s the way you received it, I better apologize. Anyway, Natalie, I think I shoul d not try to ftp things, whatever that may mean, or handle invisible files; I better follow Sheila`s suggestion to send the whole thing around, as this semms to work, and you can just dump it if you are not interested. Edgar SCHNEIDERatPHILOLOGIE.FU-BERLIN.DBP.DE Date: Wed, 2 Dec 1992 10:03:26 MST From: Marianna Di Paolo Subject: Re: Edgar's Address >Could it be that some of you have been writing his address with the >"at" spelled out the way he spelled it out above? Substitute [AT SYMBOL GOES HERE] for >the "at" he wrote above, and I bet it will go through fine. Although I don't want to turn this list into a "how-to-do-email" tutorial by going much further with the topic of how to reach Edgar Schneider, I can tell you that my problem was not that I typed "at" instead of "[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]". I'm not a whiz at this, but I have acquired the basic syntax of email addresses. I would like to suggest that personal messages, requests for materials, etc. go directly to the sender of the original message, as they normally do in the LINGUIST list. When appropriate, the original sender should be encouraged to post a summary. That way we have fewer, but more substantial postings. To facilitate this we should all include our names and email addresses at the end of each message. Marianna Di Paolo dipaolo[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]anthro.utah.edu Date: Wed, 2 Dec 1992 11:50:25 -0800 From: AKAYE[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]FULLERTON.EDU Subject: Re: Edgar's Address Re Natalie's message I tried the internet address (after not being able to send the BITNET one) exactly as given. It came back as undeliverable mail. SORRY and help! --Alan Kaye, Ling., CSU, Fullerton, CA 92634-- Date: Wed, 2 Dec 1992 14:14:59 CST From: Natalie Maynor Subject: Re: Edgar's Address > I tried the internet address (after not being able to send the BITNET one) > exactly as given. It came back as undeliverable mail. SORRY and help! Fortunately, the immediate problem has been solved now that Edgar has posted the bibliography on the list. But I would recommend to those of you who were not able to send Edgar direct mail that you let your systems people know that you have sick mailers. --Natalie (maynor[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]ra.msstate.edu) Date: Wed, 2 Dec 1992 08:58:05 -0500 From: /S=SCHNEIDER/G=EDGAR/I=EWS./[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]PHILOLOGIE.FU-BERLIN.DBP.DE Subject: Biblio Ame Edgar W. Schneider, Free University of Berlin Writings on American and Canadian English: A Bibliography (1983-1993) PRELIMINARY VERSION FOR ADS-L COMMENTS/CRITICISM/CORRECTIONS ETC WELCOME! (In particular, xx denotes inquiries / points of uncertainty!) Reactions requested by the end of December, because after that date my address will change. Thanks, Edgar This bibliography supplements and updates my earlier contribution to Viereck, Schneider & Goerlach, A Bibliography of Writings on Varieties of English, 1965-1983, Amsterdam 1984. Obviously, this relationship explains the starting point of the period of coverage; more precisely, it means that the present bibliography excludes titles which are in the 1984 bibliography and, conversely, lists publications of the early 1980s not referred to there. The search for the present bibliography was terminated in the spring of 1993. I order to maintain the compatibility and the complementary function, the principles of inclusion and exclusion have largely remained the same. The basic idea is to cover writings in the fields of American dialectology and sociolinguistics, including mainly data-oriented descriptive works but also contributions to the history, the theory and methodology of both fields if they contain a substantial amount of AmE data for illustration. Publications on American English as such have been collected only if they relate to distinctively American language features, but not if statments on (general) English grammar just happen to have been illustrated with American English material. Thus, for instance, studies based upon the so-called "Brown corpus" are included if they explicitly contrast AmE with, say, British English as represented by the LOB corpus, but not if the focus is on some property of English in general. Writings on bilingualism, language contact and language interference are included unless they concentrate mainly upon the non-English language involved. Publications on literary dialect, on bilingual education and the language education of minority children, on modern and historical lexicography and on slang and argot as well as reprints of books have been included selectively. The bibliography does not list reviews (except substantial review articles); reprints of articles; unpublished manuscripts (except some items known to be in print at the time of compilation) and papers read at conferences; onomastic studies; discussions of language policy (such as the English only movement); and writings in non-scholarly publications such as newspapers. As was the case in 1984, information on Hawaii will have to be looked for in Manfred Goerlach`s section of the book. List of Abbreviations AppL Applied Linguistics AS American Speech BACLA Bulletin de l'ACLA/Bulletin of the CAAL CJL Canadian Journal of Linguistics CMLR Canadian Modern Language Review ET English Today EWW English World-Wide GURT Georgetown University Roundtable on Languages and Linguistics IJSL International Journal of the Sociology of Language IRAL International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching JEngL Journal of English Linguistics JLSP Journal of Language and Social Psychology JMMD Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development JPCL Journal for Pidgin and Creole Languages LACUS The ... LACUS Forum (Lake Bluff, IL) LiS Language in Society LPLP Language Problems & Language Planning LVC Language variation and change NADS Newsletter of the American Dialect Society PADS Publications of the American Dialect Society PSCL Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics RFEA Revue Francaise d'Etudes Am ricaine RLS Regional Language Studies Newfoundland SECOLR The SECOL Review: Southeastern Conference on Linguistics TESOLQ TESOL (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages) Quarterly TSL Typological Studies in Language UP University Press WWays Word Ways: The Journal of Recreational Linguistics ZDL Zeitschrift fuer Dialektologie und Linguistik Adams, Karen L. 1990. "Ethnic and linguistic minorities in the Southwest: an overview". In Adams & Brinks, eds., 183-197.[Asians, Hispanics, Native Am; Ariz., Cal., NMex, Tex] Adams, Karen L. & Brink, Daniel T., eds. 1990. Perspectives on official English: the campaign for English as the official language of the USA. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Adamson, H.D. 1988. Variation Theory and Second Language Acquisition. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown UP. Adger, Carolyn Temple. 1986. "When difference does not conflict: successful arguments between black and Vietnamese classmates". Text 6:223-237. Aguirre, Adalberto, Jr. 1985. "An experimantal study of code alternation". IJSL 53:59-82. [Intrasentential code switching in Chicano speaker] Aguirre, Adalberto, Jr., ed. 1985. Language in the Chicano Speech Community. JYSL 53:5-128. Alatis, James E. & Staczek, John C., eds. 1985. Perspectives On Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Washington, DC: Georgetown UP. Alford, Randall & Strother, Judith B. "Attitudes of native and nonnative speakers toward selected regional accents of U.S. English", TESOLQ 24:479-495. Algeo, John. 1984. "Usage", in Needed Research in American English (1983), 36-53. Algeo, John. 1986. "The two streams: British and American English", JEngL 19:269-284. Algeo, John. 1989. "Americanisms, Briticisms, and the standard: an essay at definition", TSL 31:139-157. Algeo, John. 1990. "British and American English: Odi et Amo", in Sylvia Adamson, Vivien Zaw, Nigel Vincent,& Susan Wright, eds. Papers from the Fifth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics, Cambridge, 6-9 April 1987. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 13-29. Allen Harold B. 1985. "Sex-linked variation in the responses of dialect informants. Part 1: lexicon", JEngL 18:97-123. [Am. Engl. dialect] Allen Harold B. 1985. "Sex-linked variation in the responses of dialect informants. Part 2: pronunciation", JEngL 19:4-24. [Am. Engl. dialect] Allen Harold B. 1985. "Sex-linked variation in the responses of dialect informants. Part 3: grammar", JEngL 19:149-176. [Am. Engl. dialect] Allen, Harold B. 1987. "LAUM and the ABC`s of DARE", AS 62:81-83. Allen, Harold B. 1989. "Canadian raising in the upper Midwest", AS 64:74-75. Allen, Harold B. 1989. "New or old-fashioned? Informant awareness of chronological status", AS 64:3-11. Allen, Harold B. & Michael D. Linn, eds. 1986. Dialect and Language Variation. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. Allen, Irving Louis. 1987. "The contempt for provincial life in historical American slang", in Jesse Levitt, Leonard R.N. Ashley, & Kenneth H. Rogers, eds. Geolinguistic Perspectives: Proceedings of the International Conference Celebrating the Twentieth Anniversary of the American Society of Geolinguistics, 1985. Lanham, MD: UP of America, 231-258. Alvarez, Celia. 1989. "Code-switching in narrative performance: a Puerto Rican speech community in New York", in Garc a & Otheguy, eds., 373-386. Alvarez, Louis & Andrew Kolker, (prods). 1986. American Tongues. New York: Center for American Media. [Videotape] Amastae, John. 1984. "The Pan-American project", in Ornstein-Galicia, ed., 1984, 135-142.[Biling. among Mexican-Am. students, Texas] Amastae, John. 1990. "Official English and the learning of English", in Adams & Brink, eds., 199-208. Anderson, Carolyn, Mariene G. Fine, and Fern L. Johnson. 1983. "Black talk on television: a constructivist approach to viewers' perceptions of BEV in Roots II", JMMD 4:181-195. Antecki, Andrzej. 1986. "Spanish influence upon American English in the 19th century", ZNOP, Filologia Angielska 1:5-14. Aponte, Irene A. 1986. "The relationship between linguistic diversity and language performance", Ph.D. Yeshiva University 1985. DAI 46(11):3301A. [Black English, relationship to reading] Armour, Malcolm. 1983. "The social stratification of (e) in Midlothian Texas", in Edmondson, Jerold A., ed. Research Papers of the Texas SIL: Pilot Studies in Sociolinguistics: Variation, Use and Attitudes. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 2-21. Arthurs, James. 1988. "Terminology vs. jargon: Canadian hockey talk", in Thomas, ed., 155-163. Asante, Molefi Kete. 1985. "The African essence in African-American language", in Molefi Kete Asante & Kariamu Welsh Asante, eds. African Culture: the Rhythms of Unity. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 233-252. Asante, Molefi Kete. 1990. "African elements in African-American English", in Joseph E. Holloway, ed. Africanisms in American Culture. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 19-33. Ash, Sharon and John Myhill. 1986. "Linguistic correlates of inter-ethnic contact", in Sankoff, ed., 33-44.[xx2: BlE?] Attinasi, John J. "Language attitudes and working class ideology in a Puerto Rican barrio of New York", Ethnic Groups 5:54-78. August, Diane and Eugene E. Garcia. 1988. Language Minority Education in the United States: Research, Policy, and Practice. Springfield, IL: Thomas. Avis, Walter S. 1986. "The contemporary context of Canadian English", in Allen & Linn, eds., 212-216. Babitch, Rose Mary. 1988. "Diachronic interlinguistic contact as reflected in the typological structure of today`s Acadian fishermen`s terminology", in Thomas, ed., 121-137. [New Brunswick; French & English] Bailey, Guy. 1989. "Sociolinguistic constraints on language change and the evolution of are in early modern black English", TSL 31:158-171. Bailey, Guy and Marvin Bassett. 1986. "Invariant be in the lower South", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 158-179. Bailey, Guy & Cynthia Bernstein. 1990. "The idea of black English", SECOLR 14:1-24. Bailey, Guy & Cynthia Bernstein. 1989. "Methodology for a phonological survey of Texas", in Kretzschmar, Schneider & Johnson, eds., 6-16. Bailey, Guy, and Margie Dyer. 1992. "An approach to sampling in dialectology", AS 67:3-20. [Texas] Bailey, Guy & Natalie Maynor. 1985. "The present tense of be in Southern black folk speech", AS 60:195-213. Bailey, Guy & Natalie Maynor. 1985. "The present tense of be in white folk speech of the southern United States", EWW 6:199-216. Bailey, Guy & Natalie Maynor. 1987. "Decreolization?", LiS 16:449-473. [Black English; morphology; lang. change] Bailey, Guy & Natalie Maynor. 1989. "The divergence controversy", AS 64:12-39. Bailey, Guy, Natalie Maynor and Patricia Cukor-Avila, eds., 1991. The Emergence of Black English: Text and Commentary. Amstersdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins. Bailey, Larry Jerome. 1988. "Dialectal characteristics and congruence between measures of Southern black fifth-grade school children", Ph.D. Florida State University . DAI 50(8), 1990:3430B-3431B. Bailey, Richard W. 1983. "Education and the law: the King case in Ann Arbor", in Chambers, ed., 94-129. [role of black English dialect in education; relationship to law] Bailey, Richard W. 1991. "Dialects of Canadian English", ET 27:20-5. Baird, Scott. 1985. "English dialects in San Antonio", Names 33:232-242. Baker, Charlotte Pierce. 1985. "Acquisition of /t,d/ deletion in vernacular Black English: a study of head start preschoolers", Ph.D. Temple University, DAI 46(8) 1986:2280A. Barker, Marie E. 1988. "Nonstandard dialects in bilingual education: the read-aloud strategy in children literature", in Bixler-M rquez & Ornstein-Galicia, eds., 101-108. Bartelt, H. Guillermo. 1983. "Mode and aspect transfer in Navajo and Western Apache English narrative technique", IRAL 21:105-124. Bartelt, H. Guillermo. 1986. "Language contact in Arizona: the case of Apachean English", Anthropos 81:692-695. Bartelt, H. Guillermo. 1986. "Nonanterior tense in American Indian English", AS 61:327-329. Bartelt, H. Guillermo. 1986. "Tense/aspect variation in American Indian English", Nordic Journal of Linguistics 9:47-53. Bartelt, H. Guillermo. 1987. "Mode and aspect transfer in Navajo and western Apache English narrative technique", in Dietrich Nehls, ed. Interlanguage Studies. Heidelberg: Julius Groos, 115-134. Bartelt, H. Guillermo. 1988. "Cognitive processes in Apachean English", PSCL 24:183-198. Bartholomew, Charles. 1988. "The effect of dialect differences on the scoring of ambiguous WISC-R responses: an evaluation of scoring bias", Ph.D. University of Southern Mississippi. DAI 49(4):1428B. [Black English] Bassett, Marvin Winslett. 1983. "Social Differences in the Grammar of Lower Alabama", Ph.D. Emory University. Bates-Mims, Merelyn B. 1986. "Chez les noirs: a comparative historical analysis of pidgin and creole languages", Ph.D. University of Cincinnati. DAI 47(6):2142A. [Cameroon Engl.-pidgin compared to Louisiana Engl. creole; sources in African languages; diachronic approach] Baugh, John. 1983. "A survey of Afro-American English", Annual Review of Anthropology 12:335-354. Baugh, John. 1983. Black Street Speech: Its History, Structure and Survival. Austin: University of Texas Press. Baugh, John. 1983. "Language variation in American English vernaculars", in Chambers, ed., 71-80.[xx2: which?] Baugh, John. 1984. "Chicano English: the anguish of definition", in Ornstein-Galicia, ed., 3-13. Baugh, John 1984. "Steady: progressive aspect in black vernacular English", AS 59:3-12. Baugh, John. 1986. "Bilingualism and bidialectism among American minorities", in Gerhard Nickel & James C. Stalker, eds., Problems of Standardization and Linguistic Variation in Present-Day English. Heidelberg: Julius Groos, 84-94. Baugh, John. 1988. "Beyond linguistic divergence in black American English: competing norms of linguistic prestige and variation", in Thomas, ed., 175-186. Baugh, John. 1991. "The politicization of changing terms of self-reference among American slave descendants", AS 66:133-146. Baumann, Richard. 1984. "The making and breaking of context in West Texas oral anecdotes", GURT:160-174.[xx2: Titel ergaenzen?] Beaty, Stuart. 1985. "Post-secondary bilingual education in British Columbia: to be or not to be", CMLR 41:816-818. Bentley, Robert H. 1987. "Social dialects: educational implications of the study of black English", in Philip C. Boardman, ed. The Legacy of Language: a Tribute to Charlton Laird. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 69-80. Bergin, Kendall Russell. 1988. "The development of rating scales for black English grammar, pronunciation, rythm/intonation, and overall black English usage", Ph.D. University of Tennessee. DAI 50(2) 1989:429A. Bernstein, Cynthia. 1988. "A variant of the `invariant` be", AS 63:119-124. [in BEV] Billiard, Charles E. 1986. "Correlates among social dialects, language development, and reading achievement of urban children", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 365-372. Birns, William. 1986. "Dialect in the Catskills: A Study in Language and Culture", Ph. D., Indiana University of Pennsylvania, DAI 47:6 (1986), 2142A. Bixler-M rquez, Dennis J. & Ornstein-Galicia, Jacob, eds. 1988. Chicano Speech in the Bilingual Classroom. New York: Peter Lang. Blain, Eleanore. 1987. "Speech of the lower Red River settlement", in William Cowan, ed. Papers of the Eighteenth Algonquian Conference. Ottawa: Carleton University, 7-16. [xx2: Engl. lg?] Bluestein, Gene. 1989. Anglistic/Yiddish: Yiddish in American Life and Literature. Athens, GA: Univ. of Georgia Press. Boertien, Harmon S. 1986. "Constituent structure of double modals", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 294-318. Bountress, Nicholas G. 1983. "Effect of segregated and integrated educational settings upon selected dialectal features", Perceptual and Motor Skills 57:71-78. [Black English] Bourhis, Richard Y. 1984. Conflict and Language Planning in Qu bec. Clevedon, Avon. Bourhis, Richard Y. 1984. "Cross-cultural communication in Montreal: two field studies since bill 101", IJSL 46: 33-47. [Use of French and English in cross-cultural communication, socioling. approach] Brewer, Jeutonne P. 1986. "Durative marker or hypercorrection? The case of -s in the WPA ex-slave narratives", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 131-148. Brewer, Jeutonne P. 1991. "Songs, sermons, and life stories: The legacy of the ex-slave narratives", in Bailey, Maynor & Cukor-Avila, eds., 155-171. Brooke, Maxey. 1986. "Varieties of American English", Word Ways 19:125-126.[xx2: which?] Brooke, Maxey. 1988. "Texican", Verbatim 15:13. [Lexicology] Brooks, Charlotte., et al., ed. 1985. Tapping Potential: English and Language Arts for the Black Learner. Urbana, Ill: Black Caucus of National Council of Teachers of English. Brooks, Cleanth. 1985. The Language of the American South. Athens: University of Georgia Press. Brosig, Elly. 1989. "Soziolinguistische Untersuchungen ueber die Prozesse des Lexiswandels im amerikanischen Armeeslang", (Sociolinguistic dynamics of lexical change in US army slang), Dr. phil. dissertation, Stuttgart. Brown, Vivian R. 1991. "Evolution of the merger of /I/ and /E/ before nasals in Tennessee", AS 66:303-315. Buckingham, Andrew. 1983. "The stratification of the sociolinguistic variable (e) in the speech of residents of Midlothian, Texas", in Edomdson, Jerold A., Research Papers of the Texas SIL: Pilot Studies in Sociolinguistics: Variation, Use and Attitudes. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 22-36. [Edmondson?, ed.,] Burnaby, Barbara. 1988. "Language in native education in Canada: In Christina Bratt Paulstoy, ed. International Handbook of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. New York, NY: Greenwood Press, 141-161. Butters, Ronald R. 1984. "When is English 'Black English Vernacular'?", JEngL 17:29-36. Butters, Ronald R. 1987. "More on singular y'all", AS 62: 191-192. [Southern Am. Engl.; pers. pronoun.] Butters, Ronald R. 1987. "Linguistic convergence in a North Carolina Community", in Denning, ed., 52-60. Butters, Ronald R. 1987. "Verbal -s as past-time indication in various narratives", in Linda L. McIntyre, ed., Proceedings of the Annual Linguistics Colloquium, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill: UNC Linguistics Circle, 9-18. Butters, Ronald R. 1988. "The historical present as evidence of black/white convergence/divergence", in Thomas, ed., 637-649. Butters, Ronald R. 1989. The Death of Black English: Divergence and Convergence in Black and White Vernaculars. Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang. Butters, Ronald R. 1991. "Multiple modals in United States Black English: Synchronic and diachronic aspects", in Edwards & Winford, eds., 165-176. Butters, Ronald R. & Ruth A. Nix. 1986. "The English of blacks in Wilmington, North Carolina", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 254-263. Butters, Ronald R. & Kristin Stettler. 1986. "Existential and causative have ... to", AS 61:184-190. [Southern AmE] Canetuson, Mary Alice. 1982. "A perceptual study of English teachers and language arts supervisors concerning the use of vernacular black English by students and teachers in the State of Texas", Ph.D. North Texas State University. DAI 43(7) 1983:2338A-2339A. Caratini, Migdalia. 1984. "Social variation in present perfect and preterit use among selected adult English learners in Puerto Rico", Ph.D. New York University. DAI 46(1) 1985:138A. Cartwright, Don. 1987. "Accommodation among the anglophone minority in Quebec to official language policy: a shift in traditional patterns of language contact", JMMD 8:193-4. Cartwright, Don, 1988. "Language policy and internal geopolitics: the Canadian situation", in Colin H. Williams, ed., Language in Geographic Context. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 238-66. Carver, Craig, 1986, "The influence of the Mississipi river on Northern dialect boundaries", AS 61:245-261. Carver, Craig M. 1987. American Regional Dialects: A Word Geography. Ann Arbor, MI: Univ. of Michigan Press. Cassidy, Frederick. 1983. "Sources of the African element in Gullah", in Lawrence Carrington; ed., Studies in Caribbean Language. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Society for Carribbean linguistics, 75-81. Cassidy, Frederic G. 1984. "Regional speech and localisms", in Needed Research in American English (1983), 32-35. Cassidy, Frederic G. 1986. "Some similarities between Gullah and Caribbean Creoles", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 30-37. Cassidy, Frederic G. 1987. "Dare replies to Claiborne", ET 11:8. Cassidy, Frederic G., 1987. "The dictionary of American regional English as a resource for language study", in Burchfield, Robert, ed. Studies in Lexicography. Oxford: Clarendon, 117-135. Cassidy, Frederic G. 1987. "The fallible computer and Dare", ET 9:27-30. [on Dictionary of Am-regional Engl.] Cassidy, Frederic G. 1988. "Focus of change in American folk speech", in Thomas, ed., 326-332. Cassidy, F.G. & Duckert, Audrey M. 1985. "The Hanley disks: presentation to the libary of congress", NADS 17:10-12. [(Am. Eng. dialect; New England; role of Hanley; Miles Lawrence.)1939-1943] Cassidy, Frederic G., ed. 1985. Dictionary of American Regional English. Vol.1: Introduction and A-C. Cambridge, MA, London: The Belknap Press of Harvard UP. Cassidy, Frederic G., and Joan Houston Hall, eds. 1991. Dictionary of American Regional English. Vol.2: D-H. Cambridge, MA, London: The Belknap Press of Harvard UP. Castonguay, Charles. 1987. "The anglicization of Canada, 1971-1981", LPLP 11:22-34. Chambers, John W., ed. 1983. Black English: Educational Equity and the Law. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma. [xx: not under J.K.?] Chambers, J.K. 1985. "Group and individual participation in a sound-change in progress", in Warkentyne, 119-36. [Toronto] Chambers, J.K. 1986. "Three kinds of standard in Canadian English", in Lougheed, ed., 1-15. Chambers, J.K. 1989. "Canadian raising: blocking, fronting, etc", AS 64:75-88. Chambers, J.K. 1990a. "Forensic dialectology and the Bear Island land claim", in R. Rieber & W. Stewart, eds., The Language Scientist as Expert in the Legal Setting. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 606, 19-31. Chambers, J.K. 1990b. "The Canada-U.S. border as a vanishing isogloss: the evidence of chesterfield", JEngL 23. Chambers, J.K. 1991. "Canada", in Cheshire, ed., 89-107. Chambers, J.K & Margaret F. Hardwick. 1985. "Dialect homogeneity and incipient variation: changes in progress in Toronto and Vancouver", in J. Harris & R. Hawkins, eds., Sheffield Working Papers in Language and Linguistics, Vol. 2. Sheffield: School of Modern Languages and Linguistics, University of Sheffield, 28-49. Chambers, J.K & Margaret F. Hardwick. 1986. "Comparative sociolinguistics of a sound change in Canadian English", EWW 7:23-46. Chamot, Anna U. 1988. "Bilingualism in education and bilingual education: the state of the art in the United States", in Gimbel, J., ed. Papers from the Fifth Nordic Conference on Bilingualism. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 11-35. Chase, Dennis. 1988. "If someone asks, "where y'at?" say "N'awlins's a Conneticut Yankee in King Creole's court", Lamar Journal of the Humanities 14:19-29. [Louisiana: New Orleans] Ch vez, Regino & Ray A. Chesterfield. 1985. "Teacher language use in a bilingual preschool setting", IJSL 53:83-97. [Chicano of South Texas] Cheshire, Jenny, ed. 1991. English Around the World. Sociolinguistic Perspectives. Cambridge: UP. Ching, Marvin K.L. 1987. "How fixed is fixin` to?", AS 62:332-345. [Southern] Ching, Marvin K.L. 1988. "Ma'am and Sir: modes of mitigation and politeness in the Southern United States", in Thomas, ed., 20-45. Christian, Donna, Walt Wolfram, & Nanjo Dube. 1988. Variation and Change in Geographically Isolated Communities: Appalachian English and Ozark English. PADS 74. Tuscaloosa, AL: Univ. of Alabama Press. Cichocki, Wladyslaw. 1986. "Linguistic applications of dual scaling in variation studies", Ph.D. University of Toronto. Cichocki, Wladyslaw. 1988. "Uses of dual scaling in social dialectology: multidimensional analysis of vowel variation", in Thomas, ed., 187-199. [Toronto] Ciske, Mary Desjarlais. 1988. "An error analysis of standard English verb use by speakers of a nonstandard black dialect", Ph.D. George Mason University. DAI 48(10):2615A.[Washington, D.C.] Clark, Thomas L. 1983. "Linguistic atlases: archival data for language study in the Western United States", JEngL 16:13-17. Clark, Thomas L. 1984, "Historical perspective", in Needed Research in American English (1983), 1-3. Clarke, Sandra. 1980. "Sex as a sociolinguistic variable: the significance of sex in attitudinal stereotypes", in A.M. Kinloch & Anthony B. House, eds., Papers from the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Atlantic Provinces Linguistic Association. Fredericton: University of New Brunswick, 60-76. Clarke, Sandra. 1981. "Dialect stereotyping in rural Newfoundland", in T.K. Pratt, ed., Papers from the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Atlantic Provinces Linguistic Association. Charlottetown, P.E.I.: University of Prince Edward Island, 39-57. Clarke, Sandra. 1982. "Sampling attitudes to dialect varieties in St. John's", in Paddock, ed., 90-105. Clarke, Sandra. 1984. "The role of linguistic feature types in dialect stereotyping", in J. Barnstead, et al., eds., Papers from the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Atlantic Provinces Linguistic Association. Halifax: Dalhousie UP, 19-32.[xx2: Canada?] Clarke, Sandra. 1984. "Differences in male and female language usage: The Newfoundland context", Women and Language/Femmes et langage 13: 33-35. Clarke, Sandra. 1985. "Sociolinguistic variation in a small urban contaxt: the St. John's survey", in Warkentyne, ed., 143-54. Clarke, Sandra. 1985. "Sociolinguistic patterning in a New-World dialect of Hiberno-English: the speech of St. John's, Newfoundland", in J. Harris, et al., eds., Perspectives on the English Language in Ireland. Proceedings of the First Symposium on Hiberno-English. Dublin: Trinity College, 67-81. Clarke, Sandra. 1991. "Phonological variation and recent language change in St. John's English", in Cheshire, ed., 108-22. Cobarrubias, J. & J.-D. Gendron, eds. 1984. Language Policy in Canada: Current Issues. Quebec: Laval University. Coe, Elizabeth Beaubien. 1984. "Assessing Afro-American comprehension by student teachers whose mother tongue is mainstream English", Ed. D., University of Houston, DAI 46(4) 1985:963A. Colbourne, B. Wade. 1982. "A sociolinguistic study of Long Island, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland", in RLS:20-21. [xx?] Cole, Patricia Anne. 1988. "Learning disability in black second grade children: an investigation of selected morphological features", Ph.D. Howard University. DAI 48(8):2289B. Conklin, Nancy Faires & Margaret A. Lourie. 1983. A Host of Tongues: Language Communities in the United States. New York: Free Press. Cooper, Robert L., ed. 1982. Language Spread: Studies in Diffusion and Social Change. Bloomington, IN: Indiana UP/ Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics. Coye, Dale. 1986. "The sneakers/tennis shoes boundary", AS 61:366-369. Crespo Gonzalez, Elba Iris. 1990. "It loses something in the translation: the communication of emotion among Puerto Ricans living in the U.S", Ph.D. Adelphi University. DAI 50(11):5376B. Crozier, Alan. 1984. "The Scotch-Irish influence on American English", AS 59:310-331. Crystal, David. 1986. "The best tense we ever had", ET 6:28. [Am. Engl. past tense, perfect tense comp. to Brit. Engl.] Cukor-Avila, Patricia. 1989. "Determining change in progress vs stable variation in two studies of black English vernacular", SECOLR 13:92-124. Cummins, Jim. 1984. Linguistic minorities and multicultural policy in Canada", in Edwards, ed., 81-105. Cunnigham, Irma Aloyce Ewing. 1988. "Some innovative linguistic and procedural solutions, relative to Sea Island Creole, in general; some aspects of the Sea Island Creole verbal auxiliary in particular", in Thomas, ed., 46-54. Cunnigham, Irma Aloyce Ewing. 1992. A Syntactic Analysis of Sea Island Creole. PADS 75. Tuscaloosa, London: University of Alabama Press. Dalby, Jonathan Maker. 1984. "Phonetic structure of fast speech in American English", Ph.D. Indiana University DAI 46 1985:138A. Dale, Ian. 1989. "Correlational study with a large mainframe database", in Kretzschmar, Schneider & Johnson, eds., 76-82. [Canada: Ottawa Valley] Danesi, Marcel. 1987. "Pubilect: observations on North American teen-ager talk", LACUS 14:433-441. Davey, William. 1985. "The stressed vowel phonemes of a New Brunswick idiolect and central/prair e Canadian English", in Falk, Lilian, K. Flikeid, & M. Harry, eds. 1985, Papers from the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Atlantic Provinces Linguistic Association November 8-9, 1985. Fredericton, New Brunswick: University of New Brunswick, 25-32. Davis, Boyd H. 1986. "The talking word map: eliciting Southern adolescent language", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 359-364. Davis, Lawrence M. & Charles L. Houck. 1990. "Female regional speech and occupational classification: linguistic attitudes in Hoosierdom", AS 65:127-135. [Indiana] Davis, Lawrence M., & Charles L. Houck. 1992. "Is there a Midland dialect?--Again", AS 67:61-70. Davis, Lawrence M., & Charles L. Houck. 1992. "Can she be prestigious and nice at the same time? Perceptions of female speech in Hoosierdom", AS 67:115-122. Davis, Lawrence M., Charles L. Houck, & Brian B. Kelly. 1989. "Easily manipulatable databases for linguistic Atlases: using Intergraph", in Kretzschmar, Schneider & Johnson, eds., 30-39. Davison, John. 1987. "On sayin /aw/ in Victoria", Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics 7:109-22. DeBlassie, Richard R. & Juan N. Franco. 1983. "Psychological and educational assessment of bilingual children", in Donald R. Omark & Joan Good Erickson, eds. The Bilingual Exceptional Child. San Diego: College-Hill, 55-68. [bilingualism of Mexican American children, native American children] Denning, Keith. 1989. "Convergence with divergence: a sound change in vernacular black English", LVC 1:145-167. Denning, Keith, ed. 1987. Variation in Language: NWAV-XV at Stanford. Stanford, CA: Department of Linguistics, Stnaford University. Deser, Toni. 1990. "Dialect transmission and variation: an acoustic analysis of vowels in six urban Detroit families", Ph.D. Boston University. DAI 50(12):3933A. Devereux, Robert. 1983. "Southern Amerind lexical contributions", Verbatim 9:1-3. Diamond, Stanley. 1990. "English - the official language of California", in Adams & Brink, eds., 11-119. Dillard, J.L. 1985. Toward a Social History of American English. With a chapter on Appalachian English by Linda L. Blanton. Berlin: Mouton. Dillard, Joey L. & Shirley A. Rivers. 1989. "Dialectology in our time?: the English of the Cajuns", in Garc a & Otheguy, eds., 305-317. Di Paolo, Marianna. 1986. "A study of double modals in Texas English", Ph. D., University of Texas at Austin. DAI 47(6):2143A. Di Paopol, Marianna, 1989. "Double modals as single lexical items", AS 64:224. Di Paolo, Marianna & Alice Faber. 1990. "Phonation differences and the phonetic content of the tense-lax contrast in Utah English", LVC 2:155-204. Donahue, Thomas S. 1984. "What the sociology of language has to say about American dialectology", LACUS 11:460-470. Donahue, Thomas. 1985. "'U.S. English': its life and works", IJSL 56:99-112. Dorrill, George Townsend. 1986. Black and White Speech in the Southern United States: Evidence from the Middle and South Atlantic States. Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang. Dorrill, George T. 1986. "A comparison of stressed vowels of black and white speakers in the south", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 149-157. Douaud, Patrick C. 1985. "Multilingualism as a relaxed affair: the case of the Western Canadian halfbreeds", Teanga 5:1-9. Dozier, Judy Burges. 1985. "Language change in Charleston: deletion and relexicalization", SECOLR 9:217-235. Drake, Glendon F. 1984. "Problems of language planning in the United States", in Edwards, ed., 141-149. Draskoy, George F., 1985. The Terminology of Early Newfoundland Loggers. St. John`s: Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Dept. of Culture, Recreation and Youth. Duckert, Audrey R. 1986. "The speech of rural New England", in Allen & Linn, eds., 136-141. Duckert, Audrey R. & John T. Lowney, Jr. 1986. "From the linguistic Atlas archives: the Hanley disks", JEngL 19:206-221.[New England] Eastman, Carol M. 1983. Language planning: an introduction. San Francisco: Chandler & Sharp. Dyste, Connie. 1989. "Proposition 63: the California English language amendment", AppL 10:313-330. Eble, Connie C. 1983. "Slang: derivation or norm", LACUS 10: 409-416. Eble, Connie. 1985. "American speech in American speech", ET 4:16-19. Eble, Connie C. 1986. "The subversiveness of slang", LACUS 13:477-482. Eble, Connie C. 1988. "The ephemerality of American college slang", LACUS 15:457-469. Eckert, Penelope. 1989. "The whole woman: sex and gender differences in variation", LVC 1:245-267. [Detroit] Edmondson, Jerold A., Crawford Feagin, and Peter Muehlhaeusler, eds., 1990. Development and Diversity: Language Variation Across Time and Space. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics & University of Texas at Arlington. Edwards, John, ed. 1984. Linguistic Minorities, Policies and Pluralism. Applied Language studies. London: Academic Press. Edwards, John & Maryanne Jacobson. 1987. "Standard and regional standard speech: distinctions and similarities", LiS 16:369-380. [attitudes towards regional dialect; North America.] Edwards, Walter F. 1990. "Phonetic differentiation between black and white speech in East-Side Detroit", Word 41:203-218. Edwards, Walter F. "A comparative description of Guyanese Creole and Black English preverbal marker don", in Edwards & Winford, eds., 240-255. Edwards, Walter F., and Donald Winford, eds., 1991. Verb Phrase Patterns in Black English and Creole. Detroit: Wayne State UP. Eikmeyer, Hans-Juergen & Rieser, Hannes. 1985. "Procedural grammar for a fragment of black English", in Ballmer, Thomas T. ed. Linguistic Dynamics: Discourses, Procedures and Evolution. Berlin: de Gruyter, 85-178. [xx] Eisenstein, Miriam R. 1989. "Dialect variation and second-language intelligibility", in Miriam R. Eisenstein, ed. The Dynamic Interlanguage. Empirical Studies in Second Language Variation. New York: Plenum, 175-185. [Black English, NY] Eisenstein, Miriam & Jean W. Bodman. 1986. "I very appreciate: expressions of gratitude by native and non-native speakers of American English", AppL 7:167-185.[xx2: which?] Enninger, Werner. 1984. "Funktion, Struktur und Erwerb der Varietaeten Pennsylvaniadeutsch, Amisch Hochdeutsch und Amerikanisches Englisch bei den Altamischen", in Els Oksaar, ed., Spracherwerb, Sprachkontakt, Sprachkonflikt. Berlin: De Gruyter, 220-242. Enninger, Werner, ed. 1986. Studies on the Language and the Verbal Behavior of the Pennsylvania Germans.I. Stuttgart: Steiner. Enninger, Werner. 1987. "Amish English: Dutchified?" In Loerscher, Wolfgang & Schulz, Rainer, eds. Perspectives on Language in Performance: Studies in Linguistics, Literary Criticism, and Language Teaching and Learning: To Honour Werner Huellen on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday. Tuebingen: Narr, 447-578. Enninger, Werner. 1987. "Notes on the receding contact-influences of (Pennsylvania-) German on English", in Werner Enninger & Thomas Stolz, eds. Beitraege zum 3. Essener Kolloquium ueber Sprachwandel und seine bestimmenden Faktoren vom 30.9. - 2.10.1987 an der Universitaet Essen. Bochum: Brockmeyer, 99-125. Enninger, Werner, et.al. 1984. "The English of the old order Annish of Delaware: phonological, morpho-syntactical and lexical variation of English in the language contact situation of a trilingual speech community", EWW 5:1-24. Esling, John H. 1987. "Vowel shift and long term average spectra in the survey of Vancouver English", Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of the Phonetic Sciences, Tallin. 11:243-246. [xx: genauer Titel, Ort, Verlag] Esman, Milton J. 1985. "The politics of official bilingualism in Canada", in William R. Beer & James E. Jacob, eds., Language Policy and National Unity. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld, 45-66. Etter-Lewis, Gwendolyn. 1985. "Sociolinguistic patterns of code switching in the language of preschool black children", Ph.D., University of Michigan. DAI 46(7) 1986:1920A. Falk-Ban , Kl ra. 1988. "Characteristics of language shift in two American Hungarian bilingual communities", PSCL 24:161-170. Fasold, Ralph W., ed. 1983. Variation in the Form and Use of Language: a Sociolinguistic Reader. Washington, DC: Georgetown UP. Fasold, Ralph W., William Labov, Fay Boyd Vaughn-Cooke, Guy Bailey, Walt Wolfram, Arthur K. Spears, & John Rickford. 1987. "Are black and white vernaculars diverging? Papers from the NWAVE XIV panel discussion", AS 62:62-80. Fasold, Ralph W. & Deborah Schiffrin, eds. 1989. Language Change and Variation. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Feagin, Crawford. 1986. "More evidence for major vowel change in the South", in Sankoff, ed., 83-95. Feagin, Crawford. 1986. "Competing norms in the white speech of Anniston, Alabama", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 216-234. Feagin, Crawford. 1990. "The dynamics of sound change in southern states English: from r-less to r-ful in three generations", in Edmondson, Feagin, & Muehlhaeusler, eds., 129-146. Feng, Jian. 1987. "Remarks on modern American slang", Waiguoyu 5(51):43-47. [in Chin.] Fennell, B.A. 1986. "Nurturing the difference", Verbatim 12:7-8. [Brit. Engl. compared to Am. English] Fenno, Charles R. 1983. "Nineteenth-century Illinois dialect: Robert Casey", AS 58:244-254. [use of regional dialect in Casey, R.: The Parson's Boys] Ferrara, Kathleen. 1986. "Morphological explanations of Chicano writing needs", LACUS 13:483-496. Finegan, Edward. 1985. "Unconscious attitudes towards linguistic variation", in Sidney Greenbaum, ed. The English Language Today. Oxford: Pergamon, 92-98. [US exx: Southern, BlE, NY, Chicago] Fishman, Joshua A. 1984. "Mother tongue claiming in the United States since 1960: trends and correlates related to the revival of ethnicity", IJSL 50:21-99. [First language, relationship to ethnicity. Quantitative approach] Fishman, Joshua. 1984. "Studies of language as an aspect of ethnicity and nationalism (a bibliographic introduction)", Sociolinguistics 14:1-6. Fishman, Joshua A., et al. 1985. The Rise and Fall of the Ethnic Revival: Perspectives on Language and Ethnicity. Berlin: Mouton.[data on US biling.] Fjelkestam-Nilsson, Brita. 1980. "The placement of 'also' in American English", in Sven Jacobson, ed. Papers from the Scandinavian symposium on syntactic variation, Stockholm, May 18-19, 1979. Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell, 101-111. [xx: spec. on AmE or on grammar?] Flanigan, Beverly Olson. 1985. "American Indian English and error analysis: the case of Lakota English", EWW 6:217-236. Flamigan, Beverly O. 1987. "Language variation among native Americans: observations on Lakota English", JEngL 20:181-199. Forbes, Jack D. et al. 1984. "The use of the terms `negro` and `black` to include persons of native American ancestry in `Anglo` North America", Explorations in Ethnic Studies 7:11-26. Ford, Cecilia E. 1984. "The influence of speech variety on teachers' evaluation of students with comparable academic ability", TESOLQ 18:25-40. [Southwestern U.S.; Of teachers towards phonological transfer from Spanish] Forgue, Guy Jean. 1983. "L'anglais am ricain", RFEA 8(18): 395-461. [spec. sect. American English dialect] Frajzyngier, Zygmunt. 1984. "On the origin of say and se as complementizers in black English and English-based creoles", AS 59:207-210. Frazer, Timothy C. 1983. "Language variation in the military tract", Western Illinois Regional Studies 5:54-64. [Ilinois] Frazer Timothy C. 1983. "Cultural assimilation in the post-frontier era: linguistic atlas evidence", Midwestern Journal of Language and Folklore 9:5-23. Frazer, Timothy C. 1983. "Sound change and social structure in a rural community", LiS 12:313-328. [xx2: where?] Frazer, Timothy C. 1986. "Microdialectology: internal variation in a LANCS community", AS 61:307-317. [North central U.S.] Frazer, Timothy C. 1987. "Attitudes towards regional pronunciation", JEngL 20:89-100. [Illinois] Frazer, Timothy C. 1987. Midland Illinois dialect patterns. PADS 73. University, AL: University of Alabama Press. Frazer, Timothy C. 1988. "Commercial television as a source of language data", in Thomas, ed., 89-94. [Milwaukee] Galindo, Delma Letticia. 1987. "Linguistic influence and variation on the English of Chicano adolescents in Austin, Texas", Ph.D. University of Texas at Austin. DAI 48(10) 1988:2616A. Galinsky, Hans. 1985. Das amerikanische Englisch: seine innere Entwicklung und internationale Ausstrahlung. Ein kritischer Forschungsbericht als Einfuehrung in die Grundlegungsphase der sprachwissenschaftlichen Amerikanistik. (1919-1945). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Gallardo, Andres. 1984. The Standardization of American English. Concepci n: Univ. de Concepci n. Garcia, Eugene E. 1984. "Early childhood bilingualism", in Garcia et al., eds., 209-226. Garcia, Eugene E., Francisco A. Lomeli, & Isidro D. Ortiz, eds. 1984. Chicano Studies: a Multidisciplinary Approach. New York: Teachers' College Press. Garc a, Maryellen. 1984. "Parameters of the East Los Angeles speech community", in Ornstein-Galicia, ed., 85-98. Garcia, S. Ofelia. 1983. "Sociolinguistics and language planning in bilingual education for hispanics in the United States", IJSL 44:43-54. Garc a, S. Ofelia. 1984. "La problem tica del idioma en el ensayo puertorriqueno: proyecciones de la sociolingueistica", Circulo 13:79-86. [Puerto Rico; use of Spanish and English] Garc a, Ofelia. 1985. "Bilingualism in the United States: present attitudes in the light of past policies", in Greenbaum, Sidney, ed., The English Language Today. Oxford; Pergamon, 147-158. [general: history, policy] Garc a, Ofelia & Ricardo Otheguy, eds., 1989. English across Cultures, Cultures across English: A Reader in Cross-Cultural Communication. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Gardner, Meredith Knox. 1984. "Kad existas usana lingvo?", Ido-Vivo 3:7, 18-21. [British Eng. comp. to Am. Eng.] Garner, T. & Rubin, D.L. 1986. "Middle class blacks' perceptions of dialect and style shifting: the case of southern attorneys", JLSP 5:33-48. Garigue, Philippe. 1985. "Bilingual university education in Ontario", CMLR 41:941-946. Gilbert, Glenn G. 1986. "The English of the Brandywine population: a triracial isolate in southern Maryland", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 102-110. Gilyard, R. Keith. 1986. "Voicing myself: a study of sociolinguistic competence", Ph.D. New York University. DAI 46(12):3636A. [Black English] Girard, Dennis, and Donald Larmouth. 1988. "Log-linear statistical models: explaining the dynamics of dialect diffusion", in Thomas, ed., 251-277. [Wisconsin] Godinez, Manuel, Jr. 1984. "Chicano English phonology: norms vs. interference phenomena", in Ornstein-Galicia, ed. , 42-48. Godinez, Manuel, Jr. & Ian Maddieson. 1985. "Vowel differences between Chicano and general Californian English?", IJSL 53:43-58. Goerlach, Manfred. 1987. "Colonial lag? The alleged conservative character of American English and other "colonial" varieties", EWW 8:41-60. Goerlach, Manfred. 1987. "Die Stellung des kanadischen Englisch", Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fuer Kanada-Studien 7:133-45. Goerlach, Manfred. 1991. "The identity of Canadian English", in M.G., Englishes. Studies in Varieties of English 1984-1988. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 108-21. Gold, David L.. 1984. "More on a Dutch-origin word in New York City English", Leuvense Bijdragen 73:171-175. Gold, David L. 1985. "Askenazic English to sit shive", AS 60:368-370. [Jewish Americans] Gold, David L. 1986. "Still more on the origin of New York City English Sliding Pon(d)", Leuvense Bijdragen 75:335-357 [NYC; relationship to Dutch] Goldman, Lorraine. 1986. "Tex-Mex: Where Texas, Mexico, English & Spanish meet", ET 5:23-26. Goldstein, Lynn Meg. 1986. "Linguistic variation in English as a second language as a function of contact versus identification", Ph.D. Columbia University. DAI 47(3):887A. [Black English; use by non native Speakers] Goldstein, Lynn M. 1987. "Standard English: the only target for nonnative speakers of English?", TESOLQ 21:417-436. [Black English; Hispanic children] Gonz les, Gustavo. 1984. "The range of Chicano English", in Ornstein-Galicia, ed., 32-41. Gonz lez, Gustavo. 1988. "Chicano English", in Bixler-M rquez & Ornstein-Galicia, eds., 71-82. Goodwin, Marjorie Harness. 1990. He-Said-She-Said: Talk as Social Organization among Black Children. Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana UP. Gozzi, Raymond D., Jr. 1988. "New words in American English: a study in language, technology and social reality", DAI 49:380A. Graff, David, William Labov, & Wendell A. Harris, 1986, "Testing listeners' reactions to phonological markers of ethnic identity: a new method for sociolinguistic research", in Sankoff, ed., 45-58. Greenbaum, Sidney. 1990. "Whose English?", in Christopher Ricks & Leonard Michaels, eds., The State of the Language. Berkeley: University of California Press, 15-23. Gregg, Robert J. 1983. "Local lexical items in the sociodialectical survey of Vancouver English", CJL 28:17-23. Gregg, Robert J. 1984. An Urban Dialect Survey of the English Humanities in Vancouver. Final Report to the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Ottawa. Gregg, Robert J. 1985. "The Vancouver survey: grammatical usage", in Warkentyne, ed., 179-84. Gregg, Robert J. 1986. "The standard and where we stand now", in Lougheed, ed., 157-68. Gregg, Robert J. 1988. "The study of linguistic change in the Survey of Vancouver English", in Thomas, ed., 434-441. Gregg, Robert J., et al. 1985. "The Vancouver survey: analysis and measurement", in Warkentyne, ed., 179-200. de Gutierrez, Edith Algren. 1987. The Movement against Teaching English in Schools of Puerto Rico. Lanham: UP of America. Hall, Joan. 1986. "Black speech: lexical evidence from DARE", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 319-332. Hall, Joan. 1988. "Caught in the web of change", in Thomas, ed., 557-568. Hancock, Ian. 1986. "On the classification of Afro-Seminole", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 85-101. Hancock, Ian. 1986. "The cryptolectal speech of the American roads: traveler cant and American Angloromani", AS 61:206-220. Hansen, Renee Elise. 1984. "Categorization preference and lexical ambiguity among black second grade children", Ph.D. New York University. Harris, B.P. 1985. "The Vancouver Survey: self-image, perception of stereotypes and language variants", in Warkentyne, ed., 1985, 201-210. [xx2: exact title?] Harris, John. 1984. "Syntactic variation and dialect divergence", Journal of Linguistics 20:303-327. [xx2: which?] Harris, John. 1986. "Expanding the superstrate: habitual aspect markers in Atlantic Englishes", EWW 7:171-199. [incl. BlE] Hartmann, James W. 1984. "Some possible trends in the pronunciation of young Americans (maybe)", AS 59:220-225. Hausmann, Robert B. 1988. "Linguistics and dialectology: controlling strange data", in Thomas, ed., 285-305. [Illinois] Hasebe-Ludt, Erika. 1985. "The Vancouver survey: analysis and measurement: methodology of spontaneous speech analysis", in Warkentyne, ed., 197-200. Haskins, Jim & Hugh F. Butts. 1987. "America's debt to the language of black Americans", in Errol Hill, ed., The Theater of Black Americans: A Collection of Critical Essays. New York: Applause, 79-88. Hastings, Pat. 1983. "Age stratification of (u) in Lillian, Texas", in Jerold A. Edmondson, ed. Research papers of the Texas SIL: Pilot Studies in Sociolinguistics: Variation, Use and Attitudes. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 37-57. Hatfield, Deborah Helen. 1986. "Tense marking in the spoken English of Vietnamese refugees", Ph.D. Georgetown University. Heap, Norman A. 1983. A Word List from Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 1850-1876. PADS 70. University, AL: University of Alabama Press. Hecht, Michael. 1987. "Afro-American identity labels and communication effectiveness", JLSP 6:319-326. Heiser, Margaret. 1982 [1985]. "Verb forms of the Western reserve area in Northeastern Ontario", Orbis 31:72-86. Heller, Monica. 1985. "Ethnic relations and language use in Montr al", in Nessa Wolfson & Joan Manes, eds. Language of Inequality. Berlin: Mouton, 75-90. Hendrickson, Robert. 1987. American Talk: The Words and Ways of American Dialect. New York: Penguin. Hensey, Fritz G. 1984. "Chicano English in literary and oral media", in Ornstein-Galicia, ed., 176-205. Herold, Ruth, 1990, "Mechanisms of merger: the implementation and distribution of the low merger in Eastern Pennsylvania", Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania. DAI 51(5):1596A. Herrick, Earl M. 1984. Sociolinguistic Variation: a Formal Model. University, AL: University of Alabama Press. [Study example: Serbian, croatian, Yana, Javanese, Sicilian Italian, English xx-?] Hewson, John. 1983. "The speech of nations", CJL 28:33-46. [Canadian Eng. (Newfoundland; lexicology; lang. history; comp. to French Canadian] Hinton, Leanne. 1987. "It's not just the valley girls: a study of Californian English", Berkeley Linguistics Society 13:117-128. Hirshberg, Jeffrey. 1984. "The mythical hedgehogs of North Carolina: a note on lexicgraphical method", AS 59: 281-283. Hiscock, Philip. 1989. "Newfoundland folklore and language: a bibliography", RLS 12 [Special issue Canada: Newfoundland] Holm, John. 1983. "On the relationships of Gullah and Bahamian", AS 58:308-318. Holm, John. 1984. "Variability of the copula in black English and its creole kin", AS 59:291-309. Holm, John, 1991. "The Atlantic creoles and the language of the ex-slave recordings", in Bailey, Maynor & Cukor-Avila, eds., 231-248. Holton, Sylvia Wallace. 1985. Down Home and Uptown: The Representation of Black Speech in American Fiction. Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson UP. Hudson, Barbara Hill. 1982. "A descriptive study of male and female speech stereotypes on selected television shows with predominantly black characters", Ph.D. Howard University. DAI 44(10):3049A. Huffines, Marion Lois. 1984. "Language contact across generations: the English of the Pennsylvania Germans", in Wolfgang W. Moelleken, ed., Dialectology, Linguistics, Literature: Festschrift for Carol E. Reed. Goeppingen: Kuemmerle, 93-103. Huffines, Marion Lois. 1984. "Word gain and loss in the English of the Pennsylvania Germans", Pennsylvania Folklife 34:30-33. Huffines, Marion Lois. 1984. "The English of the Pennsylvannia Germans: a reflection of the ethnic affiliation", The German Quarterly 57:173-182. Huffines, Marion Lois. 1986. "Strategies of language maintenance and ethnic marking among the Pennsylvania Germans", Language Sciences 8:1-16. Hung, Henrietta. 1987. "Canadian raising a` la Montr alaise", Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics 7:123-39. Huspek, Michael R. 1986. "Linguistic variation, context and meaning: a case of ing/in' variation in North American workers' speech", LiS 15:149-163. Ikemiya, Tsuneko. 1988. "Acoustic comparative study of contradictory /a:/ and /ae/ between Maine dialect and general American", in Thomas, ed., 306-325. Ilson, Robert. 1985. "Diversity in unity: British and American English", ET 4:7-11. Isajiw, Wsevolod W. 1990. "Ethnic identity retention in four ethnic groups: does it matter?", Journal of Baltic Studies 21:289-304. [Canada: Toronto] Jacobson, Phyllis L. 1984. "The social context of Franco-American schooling in New England", The French Review 57:641-656. Jacobson, Rodolfo. 1985. "Uncovering the covert bilingual: how to retrieve the hidden home language", in Eugene E. Garcia & Raymond V. Padilla, eds., Advances in Bilingual Education Research. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, 150-180. [role of language policy in bilingual education for Mexican American children] Jolly, Grace, Lily Gaudreault, Francine Paradis, & John Darbelnet, "La codification de l'anglais canadien", in Edith B dard, & Jaques Maurais, eds. La Norme Linguistique. Quebec: Conseil de la Langue Francaise; Paris: Le Robert, 731-762. [features of CanE] Jones-Jackson, Patricia. 1983. "Contemporary Gullah speech: some persistent linguistic features", Journal of Black Studies 13:289-303. Jones-Jackson, Patricia. 1984. "On decreolization and language death in Gullah", LiS 13:351-362. Jones-Jackson, Patricia. 1986. "On the status of Gullah on the Sea Islands", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 63-72. Jones-Jackson, Patricia. 1987. When Roots Die: Endangered Traditions on the Sea Islands. Athens, London: The University of Georgia Press. [Gullah] Joyner, Charles. 1986. "'If you ain't got education': slave language and slave thought in ante bellum Charleston", in Michael O'Brian & David Moltke-Hansen, eds., Intellectual Life in Antebellum Charleston. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 255-278. Kachru, Braj B., et al. 1983. "Norms r gionales de l'anglais", in Edith B dard, & Jaques Maurais, eds. La Norme Linguistique. Quebec: Conseil de la Langue Francaise; Paris: Le Robert, 707-730.[xx2: where?] Karhu, Carolyn G. 1988. "Tennessee prison talk", AS 63: 125-136. Kent-Paxton, Laura Belle. 1983. "A linguistic analysis of the diaries of M.E. Anderson-Kent, pioneer woman", Ph.D. East Texas State University. Kilbury, James. 1983. "Talking about phonemics: centralized diphthongs in a Chicago-area idiolect", in Frederick B. Agard, et al., eds. Essays in Honor of Charles F. Hockett. Leiden: Brill, 336-341. Kinloch, A.M. 1985. "The English language in New Brunswick 1784-1984", in Reavley Gair, ed., A Literary and Linguistic History of New Brunswick. Fredericton: Fiddlehead Poetry Books & Goose Lane Editions, 59-74. Kinloch, A.M. & Walter Avis. 1989. "Central Canadian English and Received Standard English: a comparison of pronunciation", in Garc a & Otheguy, eds., 403-420. Kirwin, William J. 1988. "How the Newfoundland Dictionary is faring", This Land 3,3:38-39, 92, 94, 97. Kirwin, William J. & Robert C. Hollett. 1986. "The West Country and Newfoundland: SED evidence", JEngL 2:222-39. Kirwin, W.J. & Story, G.M. 1986. "The etymology of High liner: problems of inclusion in The Dictionary of Newfoundland English", AS 61:281-284. Kniesza, Veronika. 1984. "The origin and originality of American English dialects", in Frank, Tibor, ed. The Origin and Originality of American Culture. Budapest: Akad miai Kiad , 691-699. Kochman, Thomas. 1986. "Strategic ambiguity in black speech genres: cross-cultural interference in participant-observation research", Text 6:153-170. Koike, D.A. 1987. "Code switching in the bilingual Chicano narrative", Hispania 70:148-154. Kokolis, James F. 1986. "Revisiting Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, dialect through Kittaning High School Seniors", Ph.D. Indiana Univ. of Pennsylvania. DAI 48(1):118A. Kretzschmar, William A., Jr. 1984. "Computer needs", in Needed Research in American English (1983), 71-76. Kretzschmar, William A., Jr. 1988. "Computers and the American Linguistic Atlas", in Thomas, ed., 200-224. Kretzschmar, William A., Jr., Edgar W. Schneider and Ellen Johnson, eds., 1990. Computer Methods in Dialectology. Athens, Ga.: JEngL (Special Issue 22.1 1989). Kretzschmar, William A., Jr., and Edgar W. Schneider, fc. Postmodern Dialectology: Computers, Statistics, and the Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States (LAMSAS). [Tuscaloosa, London: University of Alabama Press]. Krzyston, S.S., Nelleke Van-Deusen, & Jerrie Scott. 1987. "Listener's response to regional and ethnic accents in broadcasting", SECOLR 11:115-134. [U.S.; attit. towards regional dialect-, black Engl. on the radio] Kuiper, Koenraad, and Frederick Tillis. 1985. "The chant of the Tobacco auctioneer", AS 60:141-149. [Southern; BE] Labov, William. 1983. "Recognizing black English in the classroom", in Chambers, ed., 29-55. Labov, William. 1987. "The interpretation of zeroes", in Wolfgang U. Dressler et al., eds., Phonologica 1984. London: Cambridge UP, 135-156. [phonological deletion; study examples black English] Labov, William. 1989. "Exact description of the speech community: short a in Philadelphia", in Fasold & Schiffrin, eds., 1-57. Labov, William. 1990. "The intersection of sex and social class in the course of linguistic change", LVC 2:205-254. [Pennsylvania: Philadelphia] Labov, William. 1991. "Three dialects of English", in Penelope Eckert, ed., New Ways of Analyzing Sound Change: Quantitative Analyses of Linguistic Structures. New York: Academic Press. [xx2: pp?] Labov, William & Wendell A. Harris. 1986. "De facto segregation of black and white vernaculars", in Sankoff, ed., 1-24. Landry, Rodrigue & Real Allard. 1990. "Contact des langues et d velopement bilingue: un mod le macroscopique", CMLR 46:527-553. [Canada] Lass, Roger & Jo-Anne W. Higgs, 1984. "Phonetics and language history: American /r/ as a candidate for an archaism", Occasional Papers in Linguistics and Language Learning 9:91-109. Lay, Clarry H. 1989. "Responses to French-Canadian accented English speech: the role of context", JLSP 8:321-325. Lederer, Richard M., Jr. 1985. Colonial American English, A Glossary. Essex, Conn.: Verbatim. Linn, Michael D. 1983. "Informant selection in dialectology", AS 58:225-243. Linn, Michael. 1988. "The origin and development of the Iron Range dialect in northern Minnesota", Studia Anglia Posnaniensia 21:75-87. Linn, Michael D. & Ronald R. Regal. 1988. "Verb analysis of the Linguistic Atlas of the North Central States: a case study in preliminary analysis of a large data set", in Thomas, ed., 138-154. Lipski, John M. 1986. "English-Spanish contact in the United States and Central America: sociolinguistic mirror images?", in Manfred Goerlach & John A. Holm, eds., Focus on the Caribbean. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 191-208. Lissewski, Monika, 1991. Early Black English in South Carolina: Variation und Kovariation morphologischer und syntaktischer Varianten. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier. Lougheed, W.C., ed. 1986. In Search of the Standard in Canadian English. Kingston, Ontario: Queen's Univ., Strathy Language Unit. Lougheed, W.C. 1987. Writings on Canadian English, 1976-1987: A Selective/Annotated Bibliography. Kongston, Ontario: Queen's Univ., Strathy Language Unit. Lowy, Esther G., et al. 1983. "Ethnic activists view the ethnic revival and its language consequences: an interview study of three American ethnolinguistic minorities", JMMD 4:237-254. Lucas, Ceil. 1986. "I ain`t got non/you don`t have any: noticing and correcting variation in the classroom", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 348-358. Luhman, Ried. 1990. "Appalachian English stereotypes: language attitudes in Kentucky", LiS 6(64):331-348. [xx: Band/Heft pruefen] Luthin, Herbert W. 1987. "The story of California (ow): The coming-of-age of English in California", in Denning, ed., 312-324. Macauly, Marcia I. 1990. Processing Varieties in English: An Examination of Oral and Written Speech across Genres. Vancouver: Univ. of British Columbia Press. Macaulay, Ronald K.S. 1991. "'Coz it izny spelt when they say it': displaying dialect in writing", AS 66:280-291. Mahar, William J. 1985. "Black English in early blackface minstrelry: a new interpretation of the sources of minstrel show dialect", American Quarterly 37:260-285. Mahecha, Nancy Ruiz. 1990. "The perception of pre-switch cues by Spanish-English bilinguals", Ph.D. City University of New York. DAI 51(5):2312B. [phon. cues to code switching xx2:US?] Manning, Alan & Eatcock, Robert. 1982. "The influence of French on English in Quebec", LACUS 9:496-502. Manuel-Dupont, Sonia Sue. 1986. "Analysis of the English language use of Hualapai children in an academic setting", Ph.D. University of Kansas. DAI 47(7) 1987:2565A. [Native Am] Maruta, Tadao. 1987. "A note on (V N) compounds in Newfoundland English", RLS 11:31-34. Mashbuon, Carolyn. 1989. "Multiple modals in an American English dialect", CUNY Forum 14:130-133. [Southern Am. Engl.] Maynor, Natalie. 1988. "Written records of spoken language: how reliable are they?", in Thomas, ed., 109-120. McArthur, Tom. 1989. The English Language as Used in Quebec: a Survey. Kingston, Ontario: Queen's University, Strathy Language Unit. McCrum, Robert, William Cran, and Robert MacNeil. 1986. The Story of English. London: Faber and Faber. McDaniel, Susan Leas. 1989. "Databases of the LAGS Automatic Atlas", in Kretzschmar, Schneider & Johnson, eds., 63-68. [U.S.-Gulf coast] McDavid, Raven I., Jr. 1984. "The failure of intuition", SECOLR 8:128-139. McDavid, Raven I., Jr. 1984 "Lessons learned in half a century: experience of a practicing dialectologist", in Ornstein-Galicia, ed., 117-134. McDavid, Raven I., Jr. 1984. "Linguistic geography", in Needed Research in American English (1983), 4-31. McDavid, Raven I., Jr. 1985. "American dialectology: a historical perspective", in Warkentyne, ed., 13-34. McDavid, Raven I., Jr. & Virginia G. McDavid. 1985. "Fries and linguistic geography", in Peter Howard Fries & Nancy M. Fries, eds., Towards an Understanding of Language: Charles Carpenter Fries in Perspective. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 221-235. [New England] McDavid, Raven I. & Virginia McDavid. 1986. "Kentucky verb forms", in Montgomery, & Bailey, eds., 264-293. McDavid, Raven I., Jr., Virginia G. McDavid, William A. Kretzschmar, Jr., Theodore K. Lerud, & Martha Rutcliff. 1986. "Inside a linguistic atlas", Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 130:390-405. [Middle + South Atlantic States] McDavid, Raven I., Jr. & Theodore Lerud. 1984. "German relics in the English of South Carolina", in Wolfgang Moelleken, ed., Dialectology, Linguistics, Literature: Festschrift for Carol E. Reed. Goeppingen: Kuemmerle, 133-149. McDavid, Virginia G. 1988. "Sex-linked differences among Atlas informants: irregular verbs", in Thomas, ed., 333-361.[LANE, LAMSAS, LANCS] McDonald, Marguerite Goodrich. 1985. "Cuban-American English: the second generation in Miami." Ph. D., University of Florida. DAI 47(2), 1986:520A. McDonald, Marguerite G. 1989. "Sociolinguistic variation and the multidimensional model of acculturation", RLA: Romance Languages Annual 1:677-681. [Cuban Americans] McKay, Sandra Lee. 1989. "The role of English in the Philippines, the United States, and South Africa", TESOL Newsletter 23:21,23. McMillan, James B. & Montgomery, Michael B. 1989. Annotated Bibliography of Southern American English. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press. Medicine, Bea. 1987. "The role of American Indian women in cultural continuity and transition", in Joyce Penfield, ed., Women and Language in Transition. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 159-166. Merril, Celia Dale. 1987. "Mexican-American English in McAllen, Texas: features of accentedness in the English of native Spanish bilinguals", Ph.D. University of Texas at Austin. DAI 48(5):1192A-1193A. Meseck, Birgit. 1986. "Die Amerikanisierung des kanadischen Englisch", in E. Bettinger & T. Meier-Fohrbeck, eds., Von Shakespeare bis Chomsky. Frankfurt a.M.: Peter Lang, 273-84. Miller, Michael I. 1984. "The city as a cause of morphophonemic change", SECOLR 8:28-59. [Georgia: Augusta] Miller, Michael I. 1984, "A Jacksonian view of American English", RFEA 8(18):397-403. Miller, Michael I. 1986. "The greatest blemish: plurals in -sp, -st, -sk", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 235-253. Miller, Michael I. 1987. "Evidence for a Virginia plantation creole?", ZDL 54:184-201. Miller, Michael I. 1987. "Three changing verbs: bite, ride, and shrink", JEngL 20:3-12. Miller, Michael I. 1988. "Ransacking linguistic survey data with a number cruncher", in Thomas, ed., 464-479.[Chicago] Mills, Carl. 1990. American Grammar: Sound, Form and Meaning. New York: Peter Lang. Minayo-Rowe, Liliana. 1986. "Sociocultural comparison of bilingual education policies and programmes in three Andean countries and the United States", JMMD 7:465-477. Montano-Harmon, Maria Rosario. 1989. "Discourse features in the compositions of Mexican, English-as-a-second-language, Mexican-American/Chicano, and Anglo High School students: considerations for the formulation of educational policies", Ph.D. University of Southern California. DAI 50(5):1235A. Montgomery, Michael B. 1988. "The roots of Appalachian English", in Thomas, ed., 480-491. Montgomery, Michael B. 1989. "Exploring the roots of Appalachian English", EWW 10:227-278. Montgomery, Michael B. 1989. "A note on Ya'll", AS 64:273-275. [Southern Am. Engl.] Montgomery, Michael B. 1991. "The linguistic value of the ex-slave recordings", in Bailey, Maynor & Cukor-Avila, eds., 173-189. Montgomery, Michael B. & Guy Bailey, eds. 1986. Language Variety in the South: Perspectives in Black and White. University, AL: University of Alabama Press. Montgomery, Michael B. & Guy Bailey. 1986. "Introduction", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 1-29. Montgomery, Michael B. & Cecil Ataide Melo. 1990. "The phonology of the lost cause: the English of the confederados in Brazil", EWW 11:195-216. [Brazil: Americano; compared to Southern Am. Eng.; diachronic approach] Morrison, Val, Bill Reimer & Frances M. Shaver. 1991. "English speakers in the Eastern townships of Quebec", EWW 12:63-74. Morrow, Daniel Hibbs. 1986. "The relationship between feature alternation and error in writing among University freshmen who select features of black American English in speech", Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh. DAI 47(6):2063A. Mufwene, Salikoko S. 1986. "Number delimitation in Gullah", AS 61:33-60. Mufwene, Salikoko S. 1986. "Restrictive relativization in Gullah", JPCL 1:1-31. Mufwene, Salikoko. 1989. "Equivocal Structures in some Gullah complex sentences", AS 64:304-326. Mufwene, Salikoko S. 1991. "Is Gullah decreolizing? A comparison of a speech sample of the 1930s with a sample of the 1980s", in Bailey, Maynor & Cukor-Avila, eds., 213-230. Mufwene, Salikoko S. 1991. "On the infinitive in Gullah", in Edwards & Winford, eds., 209-222. Mufwene, Salikoko S. 1991. "Some reasons why Gullah is not dying yet", EWW 12:215-243. Mufwene, Salikoko S. & Charles Gilman. 1987. "How African is Gullah, and why?", AS 62:120-139. Murray, Thomas E. 1985. "The language of singles bars", AS 60:17-30. [St. Louis, Missouri] Murray, Thomas E. 1985. "Lapine lingo in American English: Silflay", AS 60:372-375. [new term and its regional distribution] Murray, Thomas E. 1986. The Language of St. Louis, Missouri: Variation in the Gateway City. New York: Peter Lang. Murray, Thomas E. 1987. "'You $ # ^ % ? * & a Hoosier!: derogatory names and the derogatory name in St. Louis, Missouri", Names 35:1-7. Murray, Thomas E. 1992. "Social structure and phonological variation on a Midwestern college campus", AS 67:163-174. [Kansas] Mutt, Oleg. 1984. "American black English - some notes on its past, present and future", Tartu riikliku uelikooli toimetised/ Ucenye zapiski Tartuskogo gosudarstuennogo universiteta (Tartu) 684:90-96. [xx: Titel pruefen!] Myhill, John. 1988. "Postvocalic /r/ as an index of integration into the BEV speech community", AS 63: 203-213. Myhill, John. 1988. "The rise of be as an aspect marker in Black English Vernacular", AS 63:304-325. Myhill, John & Wendell A. Harris, 1986. "The use of the verbal -s inflection in BEV", in Sankoff, ed., 25-31. Myhill, John, 1991. "The use of invariant be with verbal predicates in BEV", in Edwards & Winford, eds., 101-113. Navarro, Richard. 1985. "The problems of language, education and society: who decides", in Eugene E. Garcia & Raymond V. Padilla, eds. Advances in Bilingual Education Research. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 289-313. Needed Research in American English (1983). 1984. PADS 71. University, AL: University of Alabama Press. Nelson, Cecil Linwood. 1984. "Intelligibility: the case of non-native varieties of English", Ph.D. Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Nelson-Barber, Sharon S. 1982. "Phonologic variations of Pima English", in Robert St. Clair & William Leap, eds, Language Renewal Among American Indian Tribes: Issues, Problems, and Prospects. Rossleyn, VA: Nat. Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education, 115-131. Nichols, Patricia C. 1983. "Black and white speaking in the rural south: difference in the pronominal system", AS 58:201-215. Nichols, Patricia C. 1984. "Networks and hierarchies: language and social stratification", in Cheris Kramarae, Murriel Schulz, & William M. O'Barr, eds. Language and Power. Beverly Hills: Sage, 23-42. Nichols, Patricia C. 1986. "Prepositions in black and white English of South Carolina", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 73-84. Nichols, Patricia C. 1991. "Verbal patterns of black and white speakers of coastal South Carolina", in Edwards & Winford, eds. 114-128. Odmark, John. 1984. The American idiom and the semiotics of culture", in Tibor Frank, ed., The origins and orinalities of American culture. Budapest: Akad miai Kiad , 665-673. O`Hearn, Carolyn. 1988. "Swingletree, singletree, and the OED", AS 63:285-288. Oomen, Ursula, and Monika Lissewski. 1989. "Pronoun variation in South Carolinian `Early Black English`", in Manfred Puetz & Ren Dirven, eds., Wheels within Wheels. Papers of the Duisburg Symposium on Pidgin and Creole Languages. Frankfurt a.M.: Peter Lang, 109-133. Ornstein-Galicia, Jacob, ed. 1984. Form and Function in Chicano English. Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Ornstein-Galicia, Jacob. 1984. "Networking: a needed research direction", in Ornstein-Galicia, ed., 160-165. Ornstein-Galicia, Jacob. 1987/1988. "The U.S. Southwest as a sociolinguistic problem area", in Ulrich Ammon, Norbert Dittmar, & Klaus J. Mattheier, eds. Sociolinguistics. Soziolinguistik. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1405-1413. Ornstein-Galicia, Jacob, Betty Lou Dubois, & Bates Hoffer. 1984. "The El Paso sociolinguistic microsurvey as bilinguism", in Ornstein-Galicia, ed., 143-159. Orr, Eleanor Wilson. 1987. Twice as Less: Black English and the Performance of Black Students in Mathematics and Science. New York: Norton. Owens, Thompson W. & Baker, Paul M. 1984. "Linguistic insecurity in Winnipeg: validation of a Canadian index of linguistic insecurity", LiS 13:337-350. [relationship to social class, gender; study example: English] Paddock, Harold, ed. 1982. Languages in Newfoundland and Labrador. Second Version. St. John's, Nfld: Department of Linguistics, Memorial University. Paddock, Harold. 1984. "Mapping lexical variants in Newfoundland English", in Helmut Zobl, ed., Papers from the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Atlantic Provinces Linguistics Association. Moncton, N.B.: University of Moncton, 84-103. Paddock, Harold. 1986. "The actuation problem for gender change in Wessex versus Newfoundland", in A.M. Kinloch, et al., eds., Papers from the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Atlantic Provinces Linguistics Association. Fredericton: University of New Brunswick, 130-40. Padilla, Raymond V. 1984. "Federal policy shifts and the implementation of bilingual education programs", in John A. Garcia, Theresa C rdova, & Juan R. Garcia, eds. The Chicano Struggle: Analyses of Past and Present Efforts. Binghamton, NY: Bilingual Press, 90-110. Pederson, Lee. 1985. "Systematic phonetics", JEngL 18:14-24. [Southern] Pederson, Lee. 1986. "A graphic plotter grid", JEngL 19:25-41. [Southern] Pederson, Lee. 1987. "An automatic book code", JEngL 20:48-71. Pederson, Lee. 1988. "Zum Einsatz von Schnelldruckerkarten in der Dialektkatographie: rechnergestuetzte Sprachdatenbearbeitung im Rahmen des `Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States`", ZDL 55:306-331. Pederson, Lee. 1988. "Electronic matrix maps", JEngL 21: 149-174. Pederson, Lee. 1989. "AAM phonology", in Kretzschmar, Schneider & Johnson, eds., 54-62- Pederson, Lee, Susan Leas McDaniel, & Marvin Bassett. 1984. "The LAGS concordance", AS 59:332-339. Pederson, Lee & Madsen, Michael W. 1989. "Linguistic geography in Wyoming", in Kretzschmar, Schneider & Johnson, eds., 17-24. Pederson, Lee, et al., eds. 1986. Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States, Vol. I: Handbook for the Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. Pederson, Lee, et al., eds. 1988. Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States, Vol. II: General Index for the Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. Pederson, Lee, et al., eds., 1989. Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States, III: Technical Index for the Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. Pederson, Lee, et al., eds., 1990. Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States, IV: Regional Matrix for the Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. Pederson, Lee, et al., eds., 1991. Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States, V: Regional Pattern for the Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. Pederson, Lee, et al., eds., 1991. Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States, VI: Social Matrix for the Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. Penalosa, Fernando. 1985. "A world-system perspective for Chicano sociolinguistics", IJSL 53:7-19. Penalosa, Fernando. 1986. "Trilingualism in the barrio: Mayan Indians in Los Angeles", LPLP 10:229-253. Penfield, Joyce. 1984. "Prosodic patterns: some hypotheses and findings from fieldwork", in Ornstein-Galicia, ed., 49-59. Penfield, Joyce. 1989. "Social and linguistic parameters of prosody in Chicano English", in Garc a & Otheguy, eds., 387-401. Penfield, Joyce & Ornstein-Galicia, Jacob L. 1985. Chicano English: An Ethnic Contact Dialect. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Peters, Pam & Margery Fee. 1989. "New configurations: the balance of British and American English features in Australian and Canadian English", Australian Journal of Linguistics 9:135-147. Pfeffer, J. Alan. 1985. "Comparative subordinating conjunctions in American English", IRAL 23:323-330. Philips, Susan Urmston. 1983. The Invisible Culture: Communication in Classroom and Community on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. New York & London: Longman. Pierce, James Alfred. 1989. "Sociolinguistic relationships in attitudes toward Anglo and Mexican American varieties of English in Corpus Christi, Texas", Ph.D. University of Texas at Austin. DAI 50(6):1649A. Piper, David. 1989. "Socio-political influence on cultural identity in Canada: implications for cross-cultural communication in English", in Garc a & Otheguy, eds., 161-183. Pitts, Anne. 1986. "Flip-flop prestige in American tune, duke, news", AS 61:130-138. Pitts, Walter Franklin. 1986. "Linguistic Variation as a Function of Ritual Frames in the Afro-Baptist Church in Central Texas", Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin, DAI 47(5):1715A. Pitts, Walter. 1986. "Contrastive use of verbal -z in slave narratives", in Sankoff, ed., 73-82. Pitts, Walter. 1989. "West African poetics in the black preaching style", AS 64:137-149. Pons-Ridler, Suzanne & Ridler, Neil B. 1989. "The territorial concept of official bilingualism: a cheaper alternative for Canada?", Language Sciences 11:147-158. Poplack, Shana. 1983. "Intergenerational variation in language use and structure in a bilingual context", in Charlene Rivera, ed., An Ethnographic/Sociolinguistic Approach to Language Proficiency Assessment. Avon: Multilingual Matters, 42-47. Poplack, Shana, & David Sankoff. 1987. "The Philadelphia story in the Spanish Caribbean", AS 62:291-314. Poplack, Shana & Sali Tagliamonte. 1989. "There's no tense like the present: verbal -s inflection in early black English", LVC 1:47-84. Poulsen, Richard C. 1985. The Mountain Man Vernacular: Its Historical Roots, Its Linguistic Nature, and Its Literary Uses. New York: Peter Lang. [Western U.S.] Pratt, T.K. 1988. Dictionary of Prince Edward Island English. Toronto: Toronto UP. Preston, Dennis R. 1985. "The Li'l Abner syndrome: written representations of speech", AS 60:328-336. [U.S. dialect] Preston, Dennis R. 1985. "Southern Indiana perceptions of `correct` and `pleasant` speech", in Warkentyne, ed., 387-412. Preston, Dennis R. 1986. "Five visions of America", LiS 15: 221-240. [on local perceptions of dialect areas in the US] Preston, Dennis R. 1988. "Methods in the study of dialect perceptions", in Thomas, ed., 373-395. [US] Preston, Dennis R. 1989. "Standard English spoken here: the geographical foci of linguistic norms", in Ulrich Ammon, ed., Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties. Berlin: Walter de Grnyter, 324-254. [AE] Preston, Dennis R. 1989. Perceptual Dialectology: Nonlinguists` Views of Areal Linguistics. Dordrecht: Foris. Pringle, Ian. 1983. "The concept of dialect and the study of Canadian English", Queen's Quarterly 90:100-21. Reprinted in H.B. Allen & M.D. Linn, eds., Dialect and Language Variation. New York: Academic Press, 1986:217-36. Pringle, Ian. 1985. "Attitudes to Canadian English", in Sidney Greenbaum & Braj B. Kachru, eds., The English Language Today. Oxford: Pergamon, 183-205. Pringle, Ian. 1986. "The complexity of the concept of standard", in Lougheed, ed., 20-38. Pringle, Ian & Padolsky, Enoch. "The linguistic survey of the Ottawa valley", AS 58:325-344. Pringle, Ian, et al. 1985. "Procedures to solve a methodological problem in the Ottawa Valley", in Warkentyne, ed., 477-94. Raith, Joachim. 1981. "Phonologische Interferenzen im amerikanischen Englisch der anabaptistischen Gruppen deutscher Herkunft in Lancaster County (Pennsylvania): Unter Beruecksichtigung von Sprachgemeinschaftstyp und Erwerbskontext", ZDL 48:35-52. Raith, Joachim. 1986. "Variation, linguistic continua and related issues: data from anabaptist groups in Lancaster County, Pennsylvannia", in Werner Enninger, ed. Studies on the Language and the Verbal Behavior of the Pennsylvania Germans.I. Stuttgart: Steiner, 37-45. Ramirez, Manuel III. 1984. "The chicano bilingual, cultural democracy and the multicultural personality in a diverse society", in Ornstein-Galicia, ed., 99-114. Ray, George B. 1987. "An ethnography of nonverbal communication in an Appalachian community", Research on Language & Social Interaction 21:171-188. Read, Allen Walker. 1985. "The embattled dominance of English in the United States", in Levitt, Jessie, et el., eds. Geolinguistic Perspectives, 221-230. Read, Allen Walker. 1986. "An American ABC: remarks on DARE at MLA", NADS 18:6-7. Richards, Craig. 1985. "Bilingualism and hispanic employment: school reform or social control", in Eugene E. Garcia, et al., Advances in Bilingual Education Research. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 269-288. Richards, Donna Jean. 1989. "Prestige and standard in Canadian English: evidence from the survey of Vancouver English", Ph.D., The University of British Columbia. DAI 49(12):3708A. Richardson, Carmen. 1991. "Habitual structures among blacks and whites in the 1990s", AS 66:292-302. Richardson, Gina. 1984. "Can Y'all function as a singular pronoun in Southern dialect?", AS 59:51-59. Rickford, John R. 1985. "Ethnicity as a sociolinguistic boundary", AS 60:99-125. [Gullah, BE] Rickford, John R. 1986. "Social contact and linguistic diffusion: Hiberno-English and New World Black English", Language 62:245-289. Rickford, John R. 1986. "Some principles for the study of black and white speech in the South", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 1986, 38-62. Rickford, John R. 1988. "Language contact, variation and diffusion: microlevel community perspectives", in Peter H. Lowenberg, ed., GURT 1987: Language Spread and Language Policy. Washington: Georgetown UP, 25-44. [xx2: which?] Rickford, John R. 1990. "Number delimitation in Gullah: a reponse to Mufwene", AS 65:148-163. Rickford, John R. 1991. Representativeness and reliability of the ex-slave materials, with special reference to Wallace Quarterman`s recordings and transcript", in Bailey, Maynor & Cukor-Avila, eds., 191-212. Rickford, John R. & Renee Blake. 1990. "Copula contraction and absence in Barbadian English, Saman English and Vernacular Black English", Berkeley Linguistics Society 16:257-268. Roberts, Roda P. 1989. "Translating and interpreting in Canada's far north: a true intercultural challenge", BACLA 11:97-108. [Canada: Northwest territories; Between Athapascan languages, Cree language; Unit language; English language] Rogers, Phillip W. 1984. "The Dictionary of Newfoundland English", Queen`s Quarterly 91:823-837. [Review art.] Romero, Mary. 1988. "Chicano discourse about language use", LPLP 12/2:110-129. Rot, S ndor. 1986. "Varieties of American English in the macrostructure of American culture and semiotic problems of cultural pluralism", in Charlotte Kretzoi, ed. High and Low in American Culture. Budapest: Department of English, Lor nd Eoetvoes University, 133-155. Rot, S ndor. 1987. "Non-standard varieties of American English in the macrostructure of American culture", Annales Universitatis Scientiarium Budapestinensis de Rolando Eoetvoes Nominatae. Sectio Linguistica 18:191-210. Roy, John D. 1987. "The linguistic and sociolinguistic position of black English and the issue of bidialectalism in education", in Peter Homel, Michael Paliji, & Doris Aaronson, eds. Childhood Bilingualism: Aspects of Linguistic, Cognitive, and Social Development. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 231-242. Rudin, Ronald. 1988. "English-speaking Qu bec and the Canadian constitution", LVC 1:215-224. Rudnyckyj, J.B. 1983. Multiculturalism and Multilingualism in Canada. Ottawa: Ukrainian Language Association. Rudnyckyj, J.B. 1990. Multilingual Canada. Ottawa & Montreal. Ruiz, Richard. 1985. "La crise de l'anglais aux tats-Unis", in Jacques Maurais, ed. La Crise des Langues. Qu bec: Gouvernement du Qu bec, Conseil de la langue francaise, 147-188. Ruiz, Richard. 1988. "Bilingualism and bilingual education in the United States", in Christina Bratt Paulston, ed., International Handbook of Bilingual Education. New York, NY: Greenwood Press, 539-560. Sachdev, Itesh, et al. 1987. "Language attitudes and vitality perceptions: intergenerational effects among Chinese Canadian communities", JLSP 6:287-307. Sagarin, Edward & Robert J. Kelly. 1985. "Polylingualism in the United States of America: a multitude of tongues amid a monolingual majority", in William R. Beer, & James E. Jacob, eds., Language Policy and National Unity. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld, 20-44. Sahlmann-Karlsson, Siiri. 1986. "Nagra iakttagelser roerande amerikafinnarnas finska och engelska", Finno-Ugrica Suedana 8:101-122. [Engl. summary: observations concerning the Fi. and Engl. spoken by Am. Finns xx: pruefen!] Salmons, Joe. 1988. "On the social function of some southern Indiana German-American dialect stories", Humor 1: 159-175. [Indiana; On bois County; role of language attitudes, bilingualism in humor] S nchez, Francisca. 1986. "Of reduction in black English: a quantitative study", in Sankoff, ed. 59-72. Sanchez, Rosaura. 1983. Chicano Discourse: Sociohistoric Perspective. Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Sankoff, David. 1988. "Sociolinguistics and syntactic variation", in Frederick J. Newmeyer, ed. Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey. Vol.IV: Language: The Socio-Cultural Context. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 140-161. Sankoff, David, ed. 1986. Diversity and Diachrony. Amsterdam: Benjamins. San Miguel, Gudalupe. 1984. "Bitter struggles: Mexican Americans and the revision of the Texas bilingual education bill in 1981", in John A. Garc a, Theresa C rdova & Juan R. Garc a, eds. The Chicano Struggle: Analyses of Past and Present Efforts. Binghamton, NY: Bilingual Press, 111-130. [xx: fehlt eds.,?] Santoyo, Julio-C sar. 1984. "Spanish loan-words in American English: a testimony against some historical prejudice", in Tibor Frank, ed., The Origins and Orinalities of American Culture. Budapest: Akad miai Kiad , 717-726. Sato, Charlene J. 1989. "A non-standard approach to standard English", TESOL Quarterly 23:259-82. Sato, Charlene J. 1991. "Sociolinguistic variation and language attitudes in Hawaii", in Cheshire, ed., 647-63. Schneidemesser, Luanne von. 1983. "The Dictionary of American Regional English and its use of computers: considerations for a large-scale project", in Sarah K. Burton, & Douglas D. Short, eds., Sixth International Conference on Computers and the Humanities. Rockville, MD: Computer Science, 619-623. Schneidemesser, Luanne von. 1988. "The foundations of the Dictionary of American Regional English", Lexicographica 4:34-59. Schneider, Edgar W. 1985. "Regional variation in nineteenth century Black English in the American South", in Jacek Fisiak, ed., Papers from the 6th International Conference on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam, Poznan: Benjamins and Adam Mickiewicz University, 467-487. Schneider, Edgar W. 1986. "`How to Speak Southern` - An American English dialect stereotyped", Amerikastudien / American Studies 31:425-439. Schneider, Edgar W. 1987. "Dialect analysis and automatic cartography by means of a microcomputer", Literary and Linguistic Computing 2:80-85. Schneider, Edgar W. 1988. "Qualitative vs. quantitative methods of area delimitation in dialectology: a comparison based on lexical data from Georgia and Alabama", JEngL 21:175-212. Schneider, Edgar W. 1989. American Earlier Black English. Morphological and Syntactic Variables. Tuscaloosa, AL: The University of Alabama Press. Schneider, Edgar W. 1990. "Strategien des Computereinsatzes in der nordamerikanischen Dialektologie am Ende der achtziger Jahre", ZDL 57:273-294. Schneider, Edgar W. fc. "Appalachian mountain vocabulary: Its character, sources, and distinctiveness", in Wolfgang Viereck, ed. Proceedings of the International Congress of Dialectologists, Bamberg 1990. Wiesbaden: Steiner. Schneider, Edgar W. fc. "The Chattahoochee River - a dialect boundary?" in Michael Montgomery, ed., Festschrift for Lee Pederson. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. Schneider, Edgar W. fc. "Black-white language contact through the centuries: Diachronic aspects of linguistic convergence or divergence in the USA", in Jacek Fisiak, ed., Language Contact and Linguistic Change. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Schneider, Edgar W. and William A. Kretzschmar, Jr. 1990. "LAMSAS goes SASsy: Statistical Methods and Linguistic Atlas Data", in Kretzschmar, Schneider and Johnson, eds., 129-141. Schneider, Edgar W. and Wolfgang Viereck, 1984. "The use of the computer in American, Canadian and British English dialectology and sociolinguistics", in Hans Goebl, ed., Dialectology. Bochum: Brockmeyer, 15-60. Schoeck, Richard J. 1982-83. "The Canadian experiment: bilingualism and biculturalism in Canada, 1982", Council of National Literature/World Report 6:8-13. Schrock, E.F. 1986. "Some features of the be verb in the speech of blacks of Pope County, Arkansas", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 202-215. Scott, Jerrie Cob. 1985. "The King case: implications for educators", in Charlotte Brooks, et al., eds. Tapping Potential: English and Language Arts for the Black Learner. Urbana, IL: Black Caucus of National Council of Teachers of English, 63-71. Scott, Jerrie. 1986. "Mixed dialects in the composition classroom", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 333-347. Sebastian, Richard J., & Ellen Bouchard Ryan. 1985. "Speech cues and social evaluation: Markers of ethnicity, social class, and age", in Howard Giles & Robert N. St. Clair, eds., Recent Advances in Language, Communication, and Social Psychology. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 112-143. [xx2: who? where?] Shannon, Sheila M. 1987. "English in el Barrio: a sociolinguistic study of second language contact", Ph.D., Stanford University. DAI 48(11):2825-6A. Shapson, Stanley & Vincent D'Oyley, eds. 1984. Bilingual and Multicultural Education: Canadian perspectives. Avon, England: Multilingual Matters. [hauptsaechlich ueber Franz. xx: relevant?] Shields, Kenneth, Jr. 1985. "Germanisms in Pennsylvannia English: an update", AS 60:228-237. Shields, Kenneth. 1987. "Germanisms in the English of Eastern Pennsylvannia", JEngL 20:163-180. Shields, Kenneth. 1989. "A note on the greasy/greazy isogloss in east-central Pennsylvania", AS 64:280-284. Shilling, Alison Watt. 1984. Black English as a Creole: Some Bahamian Evidence. St. Augustine, Trinidad: School of Education, University of West Indies. Shockey, Linda. 1984. "All in my flap: long-term accommodation in phonology", IJSL 46:87-95. [AE; flapping of dental consonants; role of intelligibility in phonological accommodation of speakers of British English] Shores, David L. 1984. "The stressed vowels of the speech of Tangier Island, Virginia", JEngL 17:37-56. Shores, David L. 1985. "Vowels before /l/ and /r/ in Tangier dialect", JEngL 18:124-126. Shores, David L. 1986. "Porchmouth for Portsmouth", AS 61: 147-152.[Virginia] Simpson, David. 1986. The Politics of American English, 1776-1850. Oxford: Oxford UP. Sindek, Margaret. 1988. "A study of some factors affecting the sequence and rate acquisition of ESL by adult refugees in Western Pennsylvania", PSCL 22:203-225. Singler, John Victor. 1991. "Liberian Settler English and the ex-slave recordings: a comparative study", in Bailey, Maynor & Cukor-Avila, eds., 249-274. Singler, John Victor. 1991. "Copula variation in Liberian Settler English and American Black English", in Edwards & Winford, eds., 129-164. Sledd, James. 1986. "Permanence and change in standard American English: the making of `literacy crises`", in Gerhard Nickel & James C. Stalker, eds., Problems of Standardization and Linguistic Variation in Present-Day English. Heidelberg: Groos, 59-70. Sledge, Mailande Cheney. 1986. "The representation of the Gullah dialect in Francis Griswold's A Sea Island Lady", Ph.D. University of Alabama. DAI 46(7):1917A. Sledge, Maylande Cheney. 1988, "The verisimilitude of the Gullah dialect in Francis Griswold's A Sea Island Lady", in Thomas, ed., 625-636. Smitherman, Geneva. 1984. "Black language as power", in Ch. Kramarae, M. Schulz & William M. O'Bars, eds., Language and Power. Beverly Hills: Sage, 101-115. Smitherman, Geneva. 1985. "What go round come round: King in perspective", in Charlotte Brooks, et al., eds. Tapping Potential: English and Language Arts for the Black Learner. Urbana, IL: Black Caucus of National Council of Teachers of English, 41-62. Smitherman, Geneva. 1991. "`What is Africa to me?`: Language, ideology, and African American", AS 66:115-132. Smitherman-Donaldson, Geneva. 1988. "Discriminatory discourse on Afro-American speech", in Geneva Smitherman-Donaldson & Teun A. van Dijk, eds. Discourse and Discrimination. Detroit: Wayne Strate UP, 144-175. Sommer, Elisabeth. 1986. "Variation in southern urban English", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 180-201. Southard, Bruce. 1983. "The Linguistic Atlas of Oklahoma and computer carthography", JEngL 16:65-77. Spears, Arthur. 1988. "Black American English", in Johnnetta B. Cole, ed., Anthropology for the Nineties. New York: Free, 96-113. Stadler, Beatrice. 1983. Language Maintenance and Assimilation: The Case of Selected German-Speaking Immigrants in Vancouver, Canada. Vancouver: Canadian Association of University Teachers of German. Stanback, Marsha Houston. 1985. "Language and black woman's place: evidence from the black middle class", in Paula A Treichler, Ch. Kramarae, & Beth Stafford, eds., For Alma Mater: Theory and Practice in Feminist Scholarship. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 177-193. Starks Judith A. 1983. "The black English controversy and its implications for addressing the educational needs of black children: the cultural linguistic approach", in Chambers, ed., 97-132. Stein, Roberta. 1990. "Closing the `achievement gap` of Mexican Americans: a question of language, learning style, or economics?", JMMD 11:405-419. Steinmetz, Sol. 1986. Yiddish and English: A Century of Yiddish in America. University, AL: Univ. of Alabama Press.[on Jewish English] Stewart, William A. 1987. "Coping or groping? Psycholinguistic problems in the acquisition of receptive and productive competence across dialects", in Peter Homel, Michael Palij, & Doris Aaronson, eds., Childhood Bilingualism: Aspects of Linguistic, Cognitive, and Social Development. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 281-298. Stewart, William A. 1989. "Structural mimicry in decreolization and its effect on pseudocomprehension", in Garcia & Othegny, eds., 263-280. [Black Engl.; syntax + phonology; decreolization; mimicry comp. to Gullah.] Stewart, William A. 1989. "Whence the nominal dual in Gullah?", CUNY Forum 14:211-218.2 Stockman, Ida J. & Fay Vaughn-Cooke. 1989. "Addressing new questions about black children's language", in Fasold & Schiffrin, eds., 275-300. Story, G.M. 1986. "The role of the dictionary in Canadian English", in Lougheed, ed., 41-53. Story, G.M., and William J. Kirwin, 1987. Linguistic Atlas of Newfoundland Dialect Questionnaire. 2nd ed. St. John`s: Memorial University of Newfoundland. Story, G.M., et al., eds. 1983, 2nd ed. with supplement 1990. Dictionary of Newfoundland English. Toronto: UP. Summer, E. 1986. "Variation in Southern urban English", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 180-201. Surs, Zlili. 1981. "Lexical features of American dialects", Waiguoyu 6(16): 9-14. [In Chin,; Am. Engl.] Tabbert, Russell. 1984. "Terms for "not Alaska" in Alaskan English", AS 59:256-258. Tabbert, Russell. 1985. "The term native in Alaskan English", AS 59:378. Tabbert, Russell. 1985. "Visqueen in Alaskan English", AS 59:379. Tabbert, Russell. 1985. "Berm in Alaska English", AS 60:93-94. Tabbert, Russell. 1985. "Wanigan and Leanto in Alaskan English", AS 60:94-95. Tabbert, Russell. 1991. Dictionary of Alaskan English. Juneau, AK: The Denali Press. Tay, Mary J.W. 1986. "Theoretical models for the study of new varieties of English", LACUS 13:115-124. [xx: AmE?] Taylor, Hanni Ulrike. 1986. "Dialectism in a small literal arts college", Ph.D., Northern Illinois University. DAI 47(6):2147A. [Black English; relationship to teaching of standard English] Taylor, Orlando L. 1983. "Black English: an agenda for the 1980's", in Chambers, ed., 133-143. Taylor, Orlando L. 1985. "Standard English as a second dialect", ET 2:9-12. Thees, Petra. 1991. "Zur Widerspiegelung der Besiedelungsgeschichte Kanadas in der Lexik des kanadischen Englisch", in Klaus Hansen, ed., Studien zur Sprachvariation im Englischen und zur Textlinguistik (unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Lexik). Berlin: Humboldt-Universitaet, 86-94. Thomas, Alan R., ed. 1988. Methods in Dialectology: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference Held at the University College of North Wales, 3rd-7th August 1987. Clevedon, Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters. Thomas, Erik R. 1989. "The implications of /o/ fronting in Wilmington, North Carolina", AS 64:327-333. Thompson, Roger M. 1985. "Revisiting a dialect: validating the checklist", SECOLR 9:170-184. [Florida] Tokuma, Shin'ichi. 1989. "Syllabic nasals in American English: a study by experimental phonetics", Sophia Linguistica (Tokyo) 27: 165-172. Toohey, Kelleen. 1985. "Domain analysis and second language instruction in Northern Ontario native communities", CMLR 41:652-688. Tottie, Gunnel & Gerd Oevergaard. 1984. "The author's would: a feature of American English", Studia Linguistica 38:148-164. Tousignant, Claude. 1987. "Relations sociales entre le /r/ v laire et le /r/ r troflexe anglais de Montr al", Revue Qu b coise de Linguistique Th oretique et Appliqu e 6:39-55. Troike, Rudolph C. 1983. "The Texas dialect survey: responses from Austin, Texas", Southwest Journal of Linguistics 6:145-154. Troike, Rudolph C. 1986. "McDavid's law", JEngL 19:177-205. [Southern] Troutman-Robinson, Denise Eloise. 1987. "Oral and written discourse: a study of feature transfer", Ph.D., Michigan State University. DAI 48(3):641A. [Black English] Trudgill, Peter. 1985. "New-dialect formation and the analysis of colonial dialects: the case of Canadian Raising", in Warkentyne, ed., 35-45. Trudgill, Peter. 1986. Dialects in Contact. Oxford: Blackwell. [incl. much on Canada] Tucker, G. Richard. 1984. "Toward the development of a language-competent American society", IJSL 45:153-160. Ture, Sue. 1984-85. "Milwaukee medical maledicta", Maledicta 8:117-118. [lg. of hospital workers] Turner, Darwin T. 1985. "Black students, language, and classroom teachers", in Charlotte Brooks, et. al., eds., Tapping Potential: English and Language Arts for the Black Learner. Urbana, IL: Black Caucus of National Council of Teachers of English, 30-40. Underwood, Gary N. 1983. "Mid-south English, midwestern teachers, and middle-of-the-road textbooks", in Chambers, ed., 81-96. Underwood, Gary Neal. 1988. "Accent and identity", in Thomas, ed., 406-427. [Texas] Urcinoli, Bonnie. 1985. "Bilingualism as code and bilingualism as practice", Anthropological Linguistics 27:363-386. [NYC, Puerto Rican code switching; Black English]. Vance, Timothy J. 1987. "`Canadian raising` in some dialects of the northern United States", AS 62:195-210. Van Halsema, Tess. 1983. "Language observation by long distance", in Edmundson, Jerold A., ed. Research papers of the Texas SIL: Pilot Studies in Sociolinguistics: Variation, Use and Attitudes. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 58-71. [AE; monophthongization of diphthongs; areal approach] Vaughn-Cooke, F.B. 1986. "Lexical diffusion: evidence from a decreolizing variety of Black English", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 111-130. Veltman, Calvin. 1983. "Anglicization in the United States: language enviroment and language practice of American adolescents", IJSL 44:99-114. Veltman, Calvin. 1983. Language Shift in the United States. Berlin: Mouton. Verma, Shivendra K. 1986. "What is American about American English?", Internationa Journal of Dravidian Linguistics 15:278-289. Viereck, Wolfgang. 1985. "On the origin and developments of American English", in Jacek Fisiak, ed. Papers from the 6th International Conference on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam, Poznan: Benjamins and Adam Mickiewicz University: 561-569.[AE; BEV; Gullah] Viereck, Wolfgang. 1986. "On colonial American English: a research proposal", in Winfried Herget & Karl Ortseifen, eds., The Transit of Civilization from Europe to America. Tuebingen: Narr, 75-85. Viereck, Wolfgang. 1988. "Invariant be in an unnoticed source of American early Black English", AS 63:291-303. Viereck, Wolfgang. 1988. "Notes on black and red American English", in Carolina Duncan-Rose & Theo Vennemann, eds. On Language: Rhetorica, Phonologica, Syntactica: a Festschrift for Robert P. Stockwell from his Friends and Colleagues. London: Routledge, 145-157. Viereck, Wolfgang. 1989. "A linguistic analysis of recordings of `early` American Black English", in Udo Fries & Martin Neusses, eds. Meaning and Beyond. Ernst Leisi zum 70. Geburtstag. Tuebingen: Narr, 179-196. [xx: voller Titel?] Viereck, Wolfgang. 1984. "Der Einsatz des Computers in der amerikanisch-englischen und britisch-englischen Dialektologie und Soziolinguistik", ZDL 51:6-30. Wade-Lewis, Margaret. 1989. "The African substratum in American English", Ph.D. New York University. DAI 49(10):3016A. Waddell, Eric. 1986. "Les anglophones du Qu bec: une nouvelle minorit ethnique?" in S minaires 1985. Talence: Centre de recherches sur l'Am r. Anglophone, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, 7-20. Wakelin, Martyn. 1986. "English on the Mayflower", ET 8:30-33. [xx-AmE?] Wald, Benji. 1984. "The Status of Chicano English as a dialect of American English", in Ornstein-Galicia, ed., 14-31. Wald, Benji. 1985. "Motivation for language choice behavior of elementary Mexican American children", in Eugene E. Garcia & Ray Padilla, eds. Advances in Bilingual Education Research. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 71-95. Wald, Benji. 1987. "Spanish-English grammatical contact in Los Angeles: the grammar of reported speech in the East Los Angeles English contact vernacular", Linguistics 25:53-80. Ward, James Wesley. 1990. "Judges` attitudes toward Standard English and black English in the State of Texas", Ph.D. Wayne State University.DAI 50(7):1850A. Wardhaugh, Ronald. 1983. Language and Nationhood: The Canadian Experience. Vancouver: New Star Books. Warkentyne. H.J. 1983. "Attitudes and language behaviour", CJL 28:71-76. [relationship to linguistic variation; study example: Canadian English dialect compared to American English dialect; British English dialect] Warkentyne. H.J. 1985. "On the position of Canadian English", in Reginald Berry & James Acheson, eds., Regionalism and National Identity: Multi-Disciplinary Essays on Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Christchurch, N.Z.: Association for Canadian Studies in Australia and New Zealand, 177-88. Warkentyne. H.J., ed. 1985. Methods. M thodes V. Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Methods in Dialectology. Victoria, British Columbia: University of Victoria. Washington, Trudy Lynne. 1986. "An investigation of teachers' attitudes toward nonstandard and black language as related to language program participation", Ph.D. United States International University. DAI 47(3): 1332B. Welleford, David. 1988. "A pin is not a pen; is a pan? Is southern pronunciation incorrect?", The English Journal 77(6):25-28. Wescott, Roger W. 1987. "Zazzification in American slang", Word Ways 20:216-217. [relationship to consonants] White, Grover Gene. 1986. "Black dialect in student writing: a correlation analysis of reading achievement, syntactic maturity, intelligence, grade level, and sex", Auburn University. DAI 46(12):3639A. Wild, Joy, Carole Nakonechny, Bernard, Saint-Jacques. 1983. "Sociolinguistic aspects of Native Indian speech", Sociolinguistic Newsletter 14:6-8. [Canada] Williams, Jeffrey R. 1988. "The development of aspectual markers in Anglo-Caribbean English", JPCL 3:245-263. Willinsky, John. 1988. The Well-Tempered Tongue: The Politics of Standard English in the High School. New York & London: Teachers College Press. Willmorth, Michael John. 1988. "The representation of American dialects in prime time network television dramatic programs", Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. Winford, Donald. 1988. "The creole continuum and the notion of the community as locus of language", IJSL 71:95-105. [Black English Philadelphia; compared to Trinidadian creole] Winford, Donald. 1992. "Another look at the copula in Black English and Caribbean creoles", AS 67:21-60. Winter, Kate H. 1985. "North Country voices", in Bergmann, Frank, ed., Upstate Literature Essays in Memory of Thomas F. O' Dannell. Syracuse: Syracuse UP, 143-164. [upstate NY; xx: on language?] Woelck, Wolfgang. 1984. "Sounds of a city: types and characteristics of the speech of Buffalo and its ethnic groups", New York Folklore 10:7-22. de Wolf, Gaelan Dodds. 1983. "A comparison of phonetically- ordered phonological variables in two major Canadian urban surveys", IPAJ 13:90-96. de Wolf, Gaelan Dodds. 1985. "Methods in statistical analyses of compatible data from two major Canadian urban sociolinguistic surveys", in Warkentyne, ed., 191-200. de Wolf, Gaelan Dodds. 1986. "Word choice in two Canadian urban surveys", in B. Hesser, et al., eds., Working Papers of the Linguistics Circle of the University of Victoria, 5:45-50. de Wolf, Gaelan Dodds. 1988. "On phonological variability in Canadian English in Ottawa and Vancouver", IPAJ 18:110-124. de Wolf, Gaelan Dodds. 1988. "A study of selected social and regional factors in Canadian English: A comparison of phonological variables and grammatical items in Ottawa and Vancouver", Ph.D., University of Victoria. DAI 49(9):2639A. (Summary in EWW 9:295-7). de Wolf, Gaelan Dodds. 1989. "Analytical methods in a Labovian framework: a mainframe comparison of Canadian urban sociodialect data", in Kretzschmar, Schneider & Johnson, eds., 119-128. de Wolf, Gaelan Dodds. 1990a. "Patterns of usage in urban Canadian English", EWW 11:1-31.[Ottawa, Vancouver] de Wolf, Gaelan Dodds. 1990b. "Social and regional differences in grammatical usage in Canadian English: Ottawa and Vancouver", AS 65:3-32. de Wolf, Gaelan Dodds & Hasebe-Ludt, Erika. 1988. "Canadian urban survey methodology: a summary of research techniques and results", in Thomas, ed., 55-66. Wolfram, Walt. 1984. "Is there an `Appalachian English`?", Appalachian Journal 11:215-224. Wolfram, Walt. 1984. "Unmarked tense in American Indian English", AS 59:31-50. Wolfram Walt. 1985. "Variability in tense marking? A case for the obvious", Language Learning 35:229-253. [xx2: Native AmE?] Wolfram, Walt. 1986. "Black-white dimensions in sociolinguistic text [recte: test] bias", in Montgomery & Bailey, eds., 373-385. Wolfram, Walt. 1986. "Language variation in the United States", in Orlando L. Taylor, ed. Nature of Communication Disorders in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations. San Diego: College-Hill, 73-156. Wolfram, Walt. 1986. "Walt Wolfram replies", AS 61:329-331. [Native AmE] Wolfram, Walt. 1988. "Reconsidering the semantics of a-prefixing", AS 63:247-253. [AppE] Wolfram, Walt. 1990. "Re-examining vernacular black English", Language 66:121-133. Wolfram, Walt, and Deborah Hatfiled. 1984. "Tense marking in Interlanguage: The Case of Vietnamese English." Final Report, NIE project no. NIE-G-83.0035. Wolfram, Walt, and Deborah Hatfiled. 1986. "Interlanguage fads and linguistic reality: the case of tense unmarking", GURT.[xx2: full ref: vol, pp.? Vietnamese / Native AmE?] Woods, Howard B. 1986. "Variation in English as a second language in Canada", in Lougheed, ed., 139-51. Woods, Howard B. 1987. The Ottawa Survey of Canadian English. Montreal, Quebec: Marcel Didier. Woods, Howard B. 1991. "Social differentiation in Ottawa English", in Cheshire, ed., 134-49. Woods, Ronald C. 1983. "Law, ideology and social perception: the King decision and other language-related litigation", in Chambers, ed., 56-70. [role of black English dialect in education; relationship to law] Wright, Barbara Helen White. 1985. "Hypercorrections and dialect forms in the compositions of native born college students from Georgia", Ph.D., City University of New York. DAI 46(11) 1986:3340A. Wright, Sandra. 1984. "A description of the variance between the oral and written language patterns of a group of black college students", Ph.D., Wayne State University. DAI 46(5) 1985:1267A. Yan, Weiming. 1984. "American history and American language", Waiguoyu 1(29): 24-29. [In Chin.] Youmans, Gilbert. 1986. "Any more on anymore?: evidence from a Missouri dialect survey", AS 61:61-75. Zeigle, Mary Elizabeth Brown. 1984. "The lexicon of Richard Malcom Johnston's Middle Georgia dialect", Ph.D. University of Georgia. DAI 44(11): 3375A. Zentella, Ana C. 1987. "Language and female identity in the Puerto Rican community", in Joyce Penfield, ed. Women and Language in Transition. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 167-179. Zentella, Ana Celia. 1990. "Integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in the study of bilingual code-switching", in Edward H. Bendix, ed. The Uses of Linguistics. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 75-92. Zuo, Biao. 1987. "Fragmentary observations on black English", Waiguoyu 4(50):42-44 [in Chin.] Date: Thu, 3 Dec 1992 12:20:00 EDT From: "Bethany Dumas, UTK" Subject: ESchneider's biblio If the biblio is available electronically, may I have a copy please? Thanks, Bethany Dumas = dumasb[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]utkvx.bitnet Date: Thu, 3 Dec 1992 13:52:04 CST From: Dennis Baron Subject: Lakoff's address Bethany, I don't have it but you could try querying LSA at zzlsa[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]gallua.bitnet Dennis Dennis Baron (\ debaron[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]uiuc.edu Dept. of English \'\ office: 217-333-2392 University of Illinois \'\ ________ fax: 217-333-4321 608 S. Wright St / '| ()_______) Urbana IL 61801 \ '/ \~~~~~~ \ \ \~~~~~~ \ ==). \_______\ (__) ()_______) Date: Thu, 3 Dec 1992 12:40:00 EDT From: "Bethany Dumas, UTK" Subject: Need Robin Lakoff's e-mail address Can someone please give me Robin Lakoff's e-mail address? Thanks. Bethany Dumas = dumasb[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]utkvx.bitnet Date: Fri, 4 Dec 1992 09:24:26 MST From: Michael Thanks for the bib, that's great. It will save me a lot of time. I found the d iscourse stuff for Georgetown. The deadline for abstracts is January 15th, the same date is also the deadline for the conference of the International Linguist iic Association held in New York in April (topic:history of linguistics). I gue ss I'll try to wip something up for at least one of them. Also, do you want th e John paper back? I finally got around to xeroxing (isn't morphology wonderful ?) it. Finally, but not least important, what about them tamalers (How do you like that for a pronunciation?). Cheers, Michael Date: Fri, 4 Dec 1992 09:46:37 -0800 From: "Thomas L. Clark" Subject: Re: Biblio Ame MICHAEL, Glad you enjoyed the bibliography, but I didn't send it. January 15 is also the deadline for calls for papers for the Dictionary Society of North America meeting. Why not wip up something for that? Cheers, Tommy ;) Date: Tue, 8 Dec 1992 11:32:59 EST From: Sheila Subject: Re: survey I think we have just had a demonstration that one cannot reply to that question naire using REPLY, not unless one wants it to be distributed to everyone on the ADS list! Most systems will certainly treat REPLY as a request to send a messag e to the most recent sender of a message, not to an earlier sender of a message . So the replies are all going to come to ADS-L, unless we all take note NOW th at the instruction to use REPLY was wrong. On most systems, you will have to us e FORWARD and then type in PROHVK21[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]TREARN to send your reply to Handan Kilicas lan rather than to all of us... Sheila Embleton (EMBLETON[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]VM1.YORKU.CA) York University, Toronto Date: Tue, 8 Dec 1992 12:07:15 CST From: Natalie Maynor Subject: Re: survey >I think we have just had a demonstration that one cannot reply to that question >naire using REPLY, not unless one wants it to be distributed to everyone on the >ADS list! Most systems will certainly treat REPLY as a request to send a messag Listserv lists can be set for the replies to go to the list (in most cases -- there are some exceptions that we probably don't need to go into) or to the person who posted the message. The setting is indicated in the "Reply To" line in the headers and in the list of settings you see if you send the 'review' command. ADS-L is set for replies to go to the list since that usually makes for better discussion (IMHO). --Natalie (maynor[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]ra.msstate.edu) Date: Tue, 8 Dec 1992 22:03:12 CST From: greg pulliam Subject: survey replies Actually, here at MU it's possible to use the reply mode to return such a survey, or to forward any sort of text. What we can do is hit "reply" and when we get the window for entering the text of the message, we take the cursor up to the address and change whatever is in the "reply to:" slot to the address we wish to send it to. I've done this several times and it does save time. Maybe it's possible on other systems as well. g pulliam Date: Wed, 9 Dec 1992 06:06:20 CST From: Natalie Maynor Subject: Re: survey replies > Actually, here at MU it's possible to use the reply mode to return such a > survey, or to forward any sort of text. What we can do is hit "reply" and > when we get the window for entering the text of the message, we take the > cursor up to the address and change whatever is in the "reply to:" slot > to the address we wish to send it to. I've done this several times and > it does save time. Maybe it's possible on other systems as well. Most systems have a way to change headers. If you're using Unix, you can enter 'r' to reply and then '~h' to change the "to" line. When I said yesterday that ADS-L was set for the reply to go to the list, I was talking about a simple reply without any kind of editing. --Natalie (maynor[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]ra.msstate.edu) Date: Wed, 9 Dec 1992 08:48:42 EST From: Sheila Subject: Re: survey replies Please let's not get into another lengthy "HOW TO" with e-mail! I was only tryi ng to point out that for MOST people they cannot simply use REPLY, as the sende r of the questionnaire stated. Those that are sophisticated enough to know how to change headers and so on will already realize that the sender of the questi onnaire sent us over-simple instructions. Those that are not sophisticated enou gh would have been sending their replies to all of us -- and that was all I was trying to prevent. (I would also point out, as an aside, that there are many s ystems which do not allow changes in headers, and I happen to be using one of t hem right now!). Sheila Embleton (embleton[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]vm1.yorku.ca) York University, Toronto Date: Wed, 9 Dec 1992 12:27:00 CDT From: Beth Lee Simon Subject: lexical question is anyone familiar with "la quaine" or "the quaine" or "some quaine"? if so, what do you mean by it? if you respond, please give a signature of some sort. thanks very much. beth simon at DARE blsimon[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]macc.wisc.edu Date: Thu, 10 Dec 1992 15:37:00 CDT From: Beth Lee Simon Subject: games has anyone played quaker (prayer) meeting? how about quaker courting? thanks, beth simone at DARE blsimon[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]macc.wisc.edu Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1992 08:42:33 DNT From: Helge Subject: Re: survey replies Status: R Right| Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1992 11:33:00 CST From: BERN[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]DUCVAX.AUBURN.EDU Subject: LAVIS abstracts Notification letters went out on December 7 in response to abstracts for the Auburn University Conference on Language Variety in the South (LAVIS), to be held April 1-3, 1993. If you sent an abstract by e-mail and have not received a response, it may mean that your abstract never arrived. Please address any inquiries to LAVIS[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]AUDUCVAX (BITNET) or lavis[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]ducvax.auburn.edu. --Cynthia Bernstein Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1992 15:13:00 CDT From: Beth Lee Simon Subject: lexical items does anyone have a kromer? ever wear one? seen one? has anyone had or given a quaker nickel? quaker fip? ever eat quarter lunch? if you respond, please sign you name. thanks, beth simon at DARE blsimon[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]macc.wisc.edu Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 19:11:01 CST From: Natalie Maynor Subject: NEH Summer Seminars A list of the 1993 NEH Summer Seminars for College Teachers (U.S.) is available via anonymous ftp from ftp.msstate.edu or isis.msstate.edu in docs/words-l/Misc with filename neh.seminars. (Note that is the letter l, not the number 1, in the subdirectory words-l.) If you decide to apply for one of the seminars, please tell NEH that you got the information on internet. Thanks. --Natalie (maynor[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]ra.msstate.edu) .